Conditions & Treatments

Rotator Cuff Injury

An injury to the rotator cuff, such as a tear, may happen suddenly when falling on an outstretched hand or develop over time due to repetitive activities.

Rotator Cuff Injury

What is rotator cuff injury?

The rotator cuff consists of muscles and tendons that hold the shoulder in place. It is one of the most important parts of the shoulder. The rotator cuff allows a person to lift his or her arms and reach up. An injury to the rotator cuff, such as a tear, may happen suddenly when falling on an outstretched hand or develop over time due to repetitive activities. Rotator cuff tears are also due to aging.

What are the symptoms of a rotator cuff tear?

Anatomy of the shoulder
Click Image to Enlarge

The following are the most common symptoms of a rotator cuff tear. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

  • Recurrent pain, especially with certain activities

  • Pain that prevents sleeping on the injured side

  • Grating or cracking sounds when moving the arm

  • Limited ability to move arm

  • Muscle weakness

The symptoms of a rotator cuff tear may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your doctor for a diagnosis.

How is a rotator cuff injury diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for a rotator cuff injury may include the following:

  • X-ray. A diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.

A rotator cuff may tear partially or fully. Partial-thickness tears do not completely sever the tendon from the shoulder.

Treatment for a rotator cuff injury

Specific treatment for a rotator cuff injury will be determined by your doctor based on:

  • Your age, overall health, and medical history

  • Extent of the condition

  • Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

  • Expectations for the course of the condition

  • Your opinion or preference

Treatment may include:

  • Rest

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications

  • Strengthening and stretching exercises

  • Ultrasound therapy

  • Corticosteroid injection

  • Surgery (for severe injuries)

Treatment Programs


Massachusetts General Hospital understands that a variety of factors influence patients' health care decisions. That's just one reason why we're dedicated to ensuring patients understand their diagnosis and treatment options. Because a single option might not serve all patients, we offer a wide range of coordinated treatments and related services across the hospital. Patients should consult with their primary care doctor or other qualified health care provider for medical advice and diagnosis information.

Select a treatment program for more information:



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  • Shoulder Service
    Our Shoulder surgeons provide compassionate care to treat shoulder arthritis, shoulder fractures, shoulder nerve injuries and rotator cuff problems, helping patients get back to their daily activities.

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