Massachusetts General Hospital

The primary research goal of the Xavier Laboratory at Massachusetts General Hospital is to discover and understand the function of important mediators and effectors involved in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Of particular interest are the cellular components and regulatory networks that interact dynamically within temporal, spatial and pathophysiological contexts of innate immunity.

We are pursuing integrative systems approaches that closely couple genome-wide experimentation with high-throughput assays and computational methods.

Ramnik Xavier, MD
Associate Professor in Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts General Hospital
Simches Research Building
Boston, MA 02114
Phone: 617-643-3331

Fax: 617-643-3328

Jacob Begun, M.D., Ph.D.
Zhifang Cao, M.Sc., D.Sc.
Adam Castoreno, Ph.D.
Kara Conway, Ph.D.
Kathy Devaney
John Gagnon, B.S.
Gautam Goel, Ph.D.
Daniel Graham, Ph.D.
Robert Heath, Ph.D.
Humberto Jijon, M.D., Ph.D.
Bernard Khor, M.D., Ph.D.
Ira Kim, Ph.D.
Dan Knights, Ph.D.
Petric Kuballa, Ph.D.
Kara Lassen, Ph.D.
Isabel Latorre, Ph.D.
Juan Liao, Ph.D.
Aiping Liu
Lea Medeiros, Ph.D.
Amanda Mok, S.B.
Kavitha Narayan, Ph.D.
Aylwin Ng, Ph.D.
Daniel O'Connell, Ph.D.
Joanna Peloquin, M.D.
Lauren Sless, S.B.
Harry Thomas, M.D.
Moran Yassour, Ph.D.

Peer-Reviewed Publications

1. Gmyrek GB, Graham DB, Sandoval G, Blaufuss GS, Akilesh HM, Fujikawa K, Xavier RJ, Swat W. Polarity gene discs large homolog 1 regulates the generation of memory T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2013. PMID: 23436244.
2. Sandoval GJ, Graham DB, Bhattacharya D, Sleckman BP, Xavier RJ, Swat W. Cutting Edge: Cell-Autonomous Control of IL-7 Response Revealed in a Novel Stage of Precursor B Cells. J Immunol. 2013. PMID: 23420891.
3. Cortez-Retamozo V, Etzrodt M, Newton A, Ryan R, Pucci F, Sio SW, Kuswanto W, Rauch PJ, Chudnovskiy A, Iwamoto Y, Kohler R, Marinelli B, Gorbatov R, Wojtkiewicz G, Panizzi P, Mino-Kenudson M, Forghani R, Figueiredo JL, Chen JW, Xavier R, Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ. Angiotensin II Drives the Production of Tumor-Promoting Macrophages. Immunity. 2013. PMID: 23333075.
4. Shoji-Kawata S, Sumpter R, Leveno M, Campbell GR, Zou Z, Kinch L, Wilkins AD, Sun Q, Pallauf K, MacDuff D, Huerta C, Virgin HW, Helms JB, Eerland R, Tooze SA, Xavier R, Lenschow DJ, Yamamoto A, King D, Lichtarge O, Grishin NV, Spector SA, Kaloyanova DV, Levine B. Identification of a candidate therapeutic autophagy-inducing peptide. Nature. 2013;494(7436):201-6. PMID: 23364696.
5. Martin ES, Belmont PJ, Sinnamon MJ, Georgeon Richard L, Yuan J, Coffee EM, Roper J, Lee L, Heidari P, Lunt SY, Goel G, Ji C, Xie J, Xie T, Lamb J, Weinrich S, Vanarsdale TL, Bronson RT, Xavier RJ, Vander Heiden M, Kan JL, Mahmood U, Hung KE. Development of a Colon Cancer GEMM-Derived Orthotopic Transplant Model for Drug Discovery and Validation. Clin Cancer Res. 2013. PMID: 23403635.
6. Kirby A, Gnirke A, Jaffe DB, Baresova V, Pochet N, Blumenstiel B, Ye C, Aird D, Stevens C, Robinson JT, Cabili MN, Gat-Viks I, Kelliher E, Daza R, Defelice M, Hulkova H, Sovova J, Vylet'al P, Antignac C, Guttman M, Handsaker RE, Perrin D, Steelman S, Sigurdsson S, Scheinman SJ, Sougnez C, Cibulskis K, Parkin M, Green T, Rossin E, Zody MC, Xavier RJ, Pollak MR, Alper SL, Lindblad-Toh K, Gabriel S, Hart PS, Regev A, Nusbaum C, Kmoch S, Bleyer AJ, Lander ES, Daly MJ. Mutations causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 lie in a large VNTR in MUC1 missed by massively parallel sequencing. Nat Genet. 2013. PMID: 23396133.
7. O'Rourke EJ, Kuballa P, Xavier R, Ruvkun G. omega-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids extend life span through the activation of autophagy. Genes Dev. 2013. PMID: 23392608.
8. Buffen K, Oosting M, Mennens S, Anand PK, Plantinga TS, Sturm P, van de Veerdonk FL, van der Meer JW, Xavier RJ, Kannegati TD, Netea MG, Joosten LA. Autophagy modulates Borrelia burgdorferi-induced production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). J Biol Chem. 2013. PMID: 23386602.
9. Conway KL, Kuballa P, Khor B, Zhang M, Shi HN, Virgin HW, Xavier RJ. ATG5 regulates plasma cell differentiation. Autophagy. 2013;9(4). PMID: 23327930.
10. Smeekens SP, Ng A, Kumar V, Johnson MD, Plantinga TS, van Diemen C, Arts P, Verwiel ET, Gresnigt MS, Fransen K, van Sommeren S, Oosting M, Cheng SC, Joosten LA, Hoischen A, Kullberg BJ, Scott WK, Perfect JR, van der Meer JW, Wijmenga C, Netea MG, Xavier RJ. Functional genomics identifies type I interferon pathway as central for host defense against Candida albicans. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1342. PMID: 23299892.
11. Huett A, Heath RJ, Begun J, Sassi SO, Baxt LA, Vyas JM, Goldberg MB, Xavier RJ. 2012. The LRR and RING Domain Protein LRSAM1 Is an E3 Ligase Crucial for Ubiquitin-Dependent Autophagy of Intracellular Salmonella Typhimurium. Cell Host Microbe  12: 778-90. PMID: 23245322
12. Jostins L, Ripke S, Weersma RK, Duerr RH, McGovern DP, Hui KY, Lee JC, Schumm LP, Sharma Y, Anderson CA, Essers J, Mitrovic M, Ning K, Cleynen I, Theatre E, Spain SL, Raychaudhuri S, Goyette P, Wei Z, Abraham C, Achkar JP, Ahmad T, Amininejad L, Ananthakrishnan AN, Andersen V, Andrews JM, Baidoo L, Balschun T, Bampton PA, Bitton A, Boucher G, Brand S, Buning C, Cohain A, Cichon S, D'Amato M, De Jong D, Devaney KL, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Ferguson LR, Franchimont D, Fransen K, Gearry R, Georges M, Gieger C, Glas J, Haritunians T, Hart A, Hawkey C, Hedl M, Hu X, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Kugathasan S, Latiano A, Laukens D, Lawrance IC, Lees CW, Louis E, Mahy G, Mansfield J, Morgan AR, Mowat C, Newman W, Palmieri O, Ponsioen CY, Potocnik U, Prescott NJ, Regueiro M, Rotter JI, Russell RK, Sanderson JD, Sans M, Satsangi J, Schreiber S, Simms LA, Sventoraityte J, Targan SR, Taylor KD, Tremelling M, Verspaget HW, De Vos M, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Winkelmann J, Xavier RJ, Zeissig S, Zhang B, Zhang CK, Zhao H, International IBDGC, Silverberg MS, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Brant SR, Radford-Smith G, Mathew CG, Rioux JD, Schadt EE, Daly MJ, Franke A, Parkes M, Vermeire S, Barrett JC, Cho JH. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature. 2012;491(7422):119-24. PMID: 23128233.
13. Morgan XC, Tickle TL, Sokol H, Gevers D, Devaney KL, Ward DV, Reyes JA, Shah SA, Leleiko N, Snapper SB, Bousvaros A, Korzenik J, Sands BE, Xavier RJ, Huttenhower C. Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment. Genome Biol. 2012;13(9):R79. PMID: 23013615.
14. Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F, Joosten LA, Ifrim DC, Saeed S, Jacobs C, van Loenhout J, de Jong D, Stunnenberg HG, Xavier RJ, van der Meer JW, van Crevel R, Netea MG. Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(43):17537-42. PMID: 22988082.
15. Maloney NS, Thackray LB, Goel G, Hwang S, Duan E, Vachharajani P, Xavier R, Virgin HW. Essential Cell-Autonomous Role for Interferon (IFN) Regulatory Factor 1 in IFN-gamma-Mediated Inhibition of Norovirus Replication in Macrophages. J Virol. 2012;86(23):12655-64. PMID: 22973039.
16. Klionsky DJ et al., Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy. 2012;8(4):445-544. PMID: 22966490.
17. Conway KL, Goel G, Sokol H, Manocha M, Mizoguchi E, Terhorst C, Bhan AK, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. p40phox expression regulates neutrophil recruitment and function during the resolution phase of intestinal inflammation. J Immunol. 2012;189(7):3631-40. PMID: 22914050.
18. Quintin J, Saeed S, Martens JH, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Ifrim DC, Logie C, Jacobs L, Jansen T, Kullberg BJ, Wijmenga C, Joosten LA, Xavier RJ, van der Meer JW, Stunnenberg HG, Netea MG. Candida albicans Infection Affords Protection against Reinfection via Functional Reprogramming of Monocytes. Cell Host Microbe. 2012;12(2):223-32. PMID: 22901542.
19. Cho JL, Roche MI, Sandall B, Brass AL, Seed B, Xavier RJ, Medoff BD. Enhanced Tim3 activity improves survival after influenza infection. J Immunol. 2012;189(6):2879-89. PMID: 22875804.
20. Xavier RJ, Gala MK, Bronzo BK, Kelly PJ. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 23-2012. A 59-year-old man with abdominal pain and weight loss. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(4):363-73. PMID: 22830467.
21. Papa E, Docktor M, Smillie C, Weber S, Preheim SP, Gevers D, Giannoukos G, Ciulla D, Tabbaa D, Ingram J, Schauer DB, Ward DV, Korzenik JR, Xavier RJ, Bousvaros A, Alm EJ. Non-invasive mapping of the gastrointestinal microbiota identifies children with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39242. PMID: 22768065.
22. Su CW, Cao Y, Zhang M, Kaplan J, Su L, Fu Y, Walker WA, Xavier R, Cherayil BJ, Shi HN. Helminth infection impairs autophagy-mediated killing of bacterial enteropathogens by macrophages. J Immunol. 2012;189(3):1459-66. PMID: 22732589.
23. Etzrodt M, Cortez-Retamozo V, Newton A, Zhao J, Ng A, Wildgruber M, Romero P, Wurdinger T, Xavier R, Geissmann F, Meylan E, Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK, Baltimore D, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ. Regulation of monocyte functional heterogeneity by miR-146a and Relb. Cell Rep. 2012;1(4):317-324. PMID: 22545247.
24. Hwang S, Maloney NS, Bruinsma MW, Goel G, Duan E, Zhang L, Shrestha B, Diamond MS, Dani A, Sosnovtsev SV, Green KY, Lopez-Otin C, Xavier RJ, Thackray LB, Virgin HW. Nondegradative role of Atg5-Atg12/ Atg16L1 autophagy protein complex in antiviral activity of interferon gamma. Cell Host Microbe. 2012;11(4):397-409. PMID: 22520467.
25. Liu X, Nielsen GP, Rosenberg AE, Waterman PR, Yang W, Choy E, Sassi S, Yang S, Harmon DC, Yang C, Schwab JH, Kobayashi E, Mankin HJ, Xavier R, Weissleder R, Duan Z, Hornicek FJ. Establishment and characterization of a novel chordoma cell line: CH22. J Orthop Res. 2012;30(10):1666-73. PMID: 22504929.
26. Duerr EM, Mizukami Y, Moriichi K, Gala M, Jo WS, Kikuchi H, Xavier RJ, Chung DC. Oncogenic KRAS regulates BMP4 expression in colon cancer cell lines. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012;302(10):G1223-30. PMID: 22383492.
27. Gewurz BE, Towfic F, Mar JC, Shinners NP, Takasaki K, Zhao B, Cahir-McFarland ED, Quackenbush J, Xavier RJ, Kieff E. Genome-wide siRNA screen for mediators of NF-kappaB activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(7):2467-72. PMID: 22308454.
28. Wei SC, Rosenberg IM, Cao Z, Huett AS, Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. Tribbles 2 (Trib2) is a novel regulator of toll-like receptor 5 signaling. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012. PMID: 22271508.
29. Lee J, Kim HR, Quinley C, Kim J, Gonzalez-Navajas J, Xavier R, Raz E. Autophagy suppresses interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) signaling by activation of p62 degradation via lysosomal and proteasomal pathways. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(6):4033-40. PMID: 22167182.
30. Ramadas RA, Roche MI, Moon JJ, Ludwig T, Xavier RJ, Medoff BD. CARMA1 Is Necessary for Optimal T Cell Responses in a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma. J Immunol. 2011;187(12):6197-207. PMID: 22075698.
31. O'Donnell MA, Perez-Jimenez E, Oberst A, Ng A, Massoumi R, Xavier R, Green DR, Ting AT. Caspase 8 inhibits programmed necrosis by processing CYLD. Nat Cell Biol. 2011;13(12):1437-42. PMID: 22037414.
32. Orvedahl A, Sumpter R, Jr., Xiao G, Ng A, Zou Z, Tang Y, Narimatsu M, Gilpin C, Sun Q, Roth M, Forst CV, Wrana JL, Zhang YE, Luby-Phelps K, Xavier RJ, Xie Y, Levine B. Image-based genome-wide siRNA screen identifies selective autophagy factors. Nature. 2011;480(7375):113-7. PMID: 22020285.
33. Labbe C, Boucher G, Foisy S, Alikashani A, Nkwimi H, David G, Beaudoin M, Goyette P, Charron G, Xavier RJ, Rioux JD. Genome-wide expression profiling implicates a MAST3-regulated gene set in colonic mucosal inflammation of ulcerative colitis patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011. PMID: 21994190.
34. Rivas MA, Beaudoin M, Gardet A, Stevens C, Sharma Y, Zhang CK, Boucher G, Ripke S, Ellinghaus D, Burtt N, Fennell T, Kirby A, Latiano A, Goyette P, Green T, Halfvarson J, Haritunians T, Korn JM, Kuruvilla F, Lagace C, Neale B, Lo KS, Schumm P, Torkvist L, Dubinsky MC, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Duerr RH, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Lettre G, Franke A, D'Amato M, McGovern DP, Cho JH, Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ. Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet. 2011;43(11):1066-73. PMID: 21983784.
35. Merquiol E, Uzi D, Mueller T, Goldenberg D, Nahmias Y, Xavier RJ, Tirosh B, Shibolet O. HCV causes chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to adaptation and interference with the unfolded protein response. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24660. PMID: 21949742.
36. Lindquist S, Karitkina D, Langnaese K, Posevitz-Fejfar A, Schraven B, Xavier R, Seed B, Lindquist JA. Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains differentially modulates SRC kinase activity in brain maturation. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e23978. PMID: 21915273.
37. Zhao Y, Alonso C, Ballester I, Song JH, Chang SY, Guleng B, Arihiro S, Murray PJ, Xavier R, Kobayashi KS, Reinecker HC. Control of NOD2 and Rip2-dependent innate immune activation by GEF-H1. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18(4):603-12. PMID: 21887730.
38. Tam JM, Castro CE, Heath RJ, Mansour MK, Cardenas ML, Xavier RJ, Lang MJ, Vyas JM. Use of an optical trap for study of host-pathogen interactions for dynamic live cell imaging. J Vis Exp. 2011(53). PMID: 21841755.
39. Russo BC, Horzempa J, O'Dee DM, Schmitt DM, Brown MJ, Carlson PE, Jr., Xavier RJ, Nau GJ. A Francisella tularensis locus required for spermine responsiveness is necessary for virulence. Infect Immun. 2011;79(9):3665-76. PMID: 21670171.
40. Wang S, Villablanca EJ, De Calisto J, Gomes DC, Nguyen DD, Mizoguchi E, Kagan JC, Reinecker HC, Hacohen N, Nagler C, Xavier RJ, Rossi-Bergmann B, Chen YB, Blomhoff R, Snapper SB, Mora JR. MyD88-dependent TLR1/2 signals educate dendritic cells with gut-specific imprinting properties. J Immunol. 2011;187(1):141-50. PMID: 21646294.
41. Ng A, Xavier RJ. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins: integrators of pattern recognition and signaling in immunity. Autophagy. 2011;7(9):1082-4. PMID: 21606681.
42. Le LP, Nielsen GP, Rosenberg AE, Thomas D, Batten JM, Deshpande V, Schwab J, Duan Z, Xavier RJ, Hornicek FJ, Iafrate AJ. Recurrent chromosomal copy number alterations in sporadic chordomas. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e18846. PMID: 21602918.
43. Heath RJ, Leong JM, Visegrady B, Machesky LM, Xavier RJ. Bacterial and host determinants of MAL activation upon EPEC infection: the roles of Tir, ABRA, and FLRT3. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7(4):e1001332. PMID: 21490959.
44. Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagace C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Buning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RS, Floyd JA, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lemann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panes J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet. 2011;43(3):246-52. PMID: 21297633.
45. Rossin EJ, Lage K, Raychaudhuri S, Xavier RJ, Tatar D, Benita Y, Cotsapas C, Daly MJ. Proteins encoded in genomic regions associated with immune-mediated disease physically interact and suggest underlying biology. PLoS Genet. 2011;7(1):e1001273. PMID: 21249183.
46. Tam JM, Castro CE, Heath RJ, Cardenas ML, Xavier RJ, Lang MJ, Vyas JM. Control and manipulation of pathogens with an optical trap for live cell imaging of intercellular interactions. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e15215. PMID: 21217821.
47. Kuballa P, Xavier RJ. Failure and exploitation of autophagy in human pathologies-cellular integrity between inflammation, infection, and cell survival. Semin Immunopathol. 2010;32(4):319-22. PMID: 21107575.
48. Riley BE, Kaiser SE, Shaler TA, Ng AC, Hara T, Hipp MS, Lage K, Xavier RJ, Ryu KY, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M, Tanaka K, Mizushima N, Komatsu M, Kopito RR. Ubiquitin accumulation in autophagy-deficient mice is dependent on the Nrf2-mediated stress response pathway: a potential role for protein aggregation in autophagic substrate selection. J Cell Biol. 2010;191(3):537-52. PMID: 21041446.
49. Gardet A, Benita Y, Li C, Sands BE, Ballester I, Stevens C, Korzenik JR, Rioux JD, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. LRRK2 is involved in the IFN-gamma response and host response to pathogens. J Immunol. 2010;185(9):5577-85. PMID: 20921534.
50. Hirota SA, Ng J, Lueng A, Khajah M, Parhar K, Li Y, Lam V, Potentier MS, Ng K, Bawa M, McCafferty DM, Rioux KP, Ghosh S, Xavier RJ, Colgan SP, Tschopp J, Muruve D, MacDonald JA, Beck PL. NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(6):1359-72. PMID: 20872834.
51. Lipinski MM, Zheng B, Lu T, Yan Z, Py BF, Ng A, Xavier RJ, Li C, Yankner BA, Scherzer CR, Yuan J. Genome-wide analysis reveals mechanisms modulating autophagy in normal brain aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(32):14164-9. PMID: 20660724.
52. Yoon JC, Ng A, Kim BH, Bianco A, Xavier RJ, Elledge SJ. Wnt signaling regulates mitochondrial physiology and insulin sensitivity. Genes Dev. 2010;24(14):1507-18. PMID: 20634317.
53. Lipinski MM, Hoffman G, Ng A, Zhou W, Py BF, Hsu E, Liu X, Eisenberg J, Liu J, Blenis J, Xavier RJ, Yuan J. A genome-wide siRNA screen reveals multiple mTORC1 independent signaling pathways regulating autophagy under normal nutritional conditions. Dev Cell. 2010;18(6):1041-52. PMID: 20627085.
54. Ng AC, Eisenberg JM, Heath RJ, Huett A, Robinson CM, Nau GJ, Xavier RJ. Human leucine-rich repeat proteins: a genome-wide bioinformatic categorization and functional analysis in innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108 Suppl 1:4631-8. PMID: 20616063.
55. Cadwell K, Patel KK, Maloney NS, Liu TC, Ng AC, Storer CE, Head RD, Xavier R, Stappenbeck TS, Virgin HW. Virus-plus-susceptibility gene interaction determines Crohn's disease gene Atg16L1 phenotypes in intestine. Cell. 2010;141(7):1135-45. PMID: 20602997.
56. Yang C, Hornicek FJ, Wood KB, Schwab JH, Choy E, Iafrate J, Rosenberg A, Nielsen GP, Xavier RJ, Mankin H, Duan Z. Characterization and analysis of human chordoma cell lines. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35(13):1257-64. PMID: 20461036.
57. Benita Y, Cao Z, Giallourakis C, Li C, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Gene enrichment profiles reveal T-cell development, differentiation, and lineage-specific transcription factors including ZBTB25 as a novel NF-AT repressor. Blood. 2010;115(26):5376-84. PMID: 20410506.
58. McGovern DP, Gardet A, Torkvist L, Goyette P, Essers J, Taylor KD, Neale BM, Ong RT, Lagace C, Li C, Green T, Stevens CR, Beauchamp C, Fleshner PR, Carlson M, D'Amato M, Halfvarson J, Hibberd ML, Lordal M, Padyukov L, Andriulli A, Colombo E, Latiano A, Palmieri O, Bernard EJ, Deslandres C, Hommes DW, de Jong DJ, Stokkers PC, Weersma RK, Sharma Y, Silverberg MS, Cho JH, Wu J, Roeder K, Brant SR, Schumm LP, Duerr RH, Dubinsky MC, Glazer NL, Haritunians T, Ippoliti A, Melmed GY, Siscovick DS, Vasiliauskas EA, Targan SR, Annese V, Wijmenga C, Pettersson S, Rotter JI, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ, Rioux JD, Seielstad M. Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2010;42(4):332-7. PMID: 20228799.
59. Brass AL, Huang IC, Benita Y, John SP, Krishnan MN, Feeley EM, Ryan BJ, Weyer JL, van der Weyden L, Fikrig E, Adams DJ, Xavier RJ, Farzan M, Elledge SJ. The IFITM proteins mediate cellular resistance to influenza A H1N1 virus, West Nile virus, and dengue virus. Cell. 2009;139(7):1243-54. PMID: 20064371.
60. Duan Z, Choy E, Nielsen GP, Rosenberg A, Iafrate J, Yang C, Schwab J, Mankin H, Xavier R, Hornicek FJ. Differential expression of microRNA (miRNA) in chordoma reveals a role for miRNA-1 in Met expression. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(6):746-52. PMID: 20041488.
61. Imielinski M, Baldassano RN, Griffiths A, Russell RK, Annese V, Dubinsky M, Kugathasan S, Bradfield JP, Walters TD, Sleiman P, Kim CE, Muise A, Wang K, Glessner JT, Saeed S, Zhang H, Frackelton EC, Hou C, Flory JH, Otieno G, Chiavacci RM, Grundmeier R, Castro M, Latiano A, Dallapiccola B, Stempak J, Abrams DJ, Taylor K, McGovern D, Silber G, Wrobel I, Quiros A, Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Rioux JD, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Barmuda MM, Bitton A, Dassopoulos T, Datta LW, Green T, Griffiths AM, Kistner EO, Murtha MT, Regueiro MD, Rotter JI, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, Xavier RJ, Libioulle C, Sandor C, Lathrop M, Belaiche J, Dewit O, Gut I, Heath S, Laukens D, Mni M, Rutgeerts P, Van Gossum A, Zelenika D, Franchimont D, Hugot JP, de Vos M, Vermeire S, Louis E, Cardon LR, Anderson CA, Drummond H, Nimmo E, Ahmad T, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Marchini J, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Gwillam R, Tremelling M, Delukas P, Mansfield J, Jewell D, Satsangi J, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Georges M, Daly MJ, Heyman MB, Ferry GD, Kirschner B, Lee J, Essers J, Grand R, Stephens M, Levine A, Piccoli D, Van Limbergen J, Cucchiara S, Monos DS, Guthery SL, Denson L, Wilson DC, Grant SF, Daly M, Hakonarson H. Common variants at five new loci associated with early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet. 2009;41(12):1335-40. PMID: 19915574.
62. Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Ng A, Kranich J, Sierro F, Yu D, Schilter HC, Rolph MS, Mackay F, Artis D, Xavier RJ, Teixeira MM, Mackay CR. Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature. 2009;461(7268):1282-6. PMID: 19865172.
63. Lapaquette P, Glasser AL, Huett A, Xavier RJ, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive E. coli are selectively favoured by impaired autophagy to replicate intracellularly. Cell Microbiol. 2010;12(1):99-113. PMID: 19747213.
64. Li Q, Brass AL, Ng A, Hu Z, Xavier RJ, Liang TJ, Elledge SJ. A genome-wide genetic screen for host factors required for hepatitis C virus propagation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(38):16410-5. PMID: 19717417.
65. Raychaudhuri S, Plenge RM, Rossin EJ, Ng AC, Purcell SM, Sklar P, Scolnick EM, Xavier RJ, Altshuler D, Daly MJ. Identifying relationships among genomic disease regions: predicting genes at pathogenic SNP associations and rare deletions. PLoS Genet. 2009;5(6):e1000534. PMID: 19557189.
66. Huett A, Xavier R. Building complex biological networks based upon model organisms: mapping the human autophagy interactome via a hybrid yeast-human protein interaction network. Autophagy. 2009;5(6):884-6. PMID: 19535904.
67. Benita Y, Kikuchi H, Smith AD, Zhang MQ, Chung DC, Xavier RJ. An integrative genomics approach identifies Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1)-target genes that form the core response to hypoxia. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(14):4587-602. PMID: 19491311.
68. Huett A, Leong JM, Podolsky DK, Xavier RJ. The cytoskeletal scaffold Shank3 is recruited to pathogen-induced actin rearrangements. Exp Cell Res. 2009;315(12):2001-11. PMID: 19371741.
69. Huett A, Ng A, Cao Z, Kuballa P, Komatsu M, Daly MJ, Podolsky DK, Xavier RJ. A novel hybrid yeast-human network analysis reveals an essential role for FNBP1L in antibacterial autophagy. J Immunol. 2009;182(8):4917-30. PMID: 19342671.
70. Tai AW, Benita Y, Peng LF, Kim SS, Sakamoto N, Xavier RJ, Chung RT. A functional genomic screen identifies cellular cofactors of hepatitis C virus replication. Cell Host Microbe. 2009;5(3):298-307. PMID: 19286138.
71. Stephenson LM, Miller BC, Ng A, Eisenberg J, Zhao Z, Cadwell K, Graham DB, Mizushima NN, Xavier R, Virgin HW, Swat W. Identification of Atg5-dependent transcriptional changes and increases in mitochondrial mass in Atg5-deficient T lymphocytes. Autophagy. 2009;5(5):625-35. PMID: 19276668.
72. McCarroll SA, Huett A, Kuballa P, Chilewski SD, Landry A, Goyette P, Zody MC, Hall JL, Brant SR, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Rioux JD, Altshuler D, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ. Deletion polymorphism upstream of IRGM associated with altered IRGM expression and Crohn's disease. Nat Genet. 2008;40(9):1107-12. PMID: 19165925.
73. Medoff BD, Sandall BP, Landry A, Nagahama K, Mizoguchi A, Luster AD, Xavier RJ. Differential requirement for CARMA1 in agonist-selected T-cell development. Eur J Immunol. 2009;39(1):78-84. PMID: 19130560.
74. Hitomi J, Christofferson DE, Ng A, Yao J, Degterev A, Xavier RJ, Yuan J. Identification of a molecular signaling network that regulates a cellular necrotic cell death pathway. Cell. 2008;135(7):1311-23. PMID: 19109899.
75. Zhou D, Medoff BD, Chen L, Li L, Zhang XF, Praskova M, Liu M, Landry A, Blumberg RS, Boussiotis VA, Xavier R, Avruch J. The Nore1B/Mst1 complex restrains antigen receptor-induced proliferation of naive T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(51):20321-6. PMID: 19073936.
76. Imamura T, Kikuchi H, Herraiz MT, Park DY, Mizukami Y, Mino-Kenduson M, Lynch MP, Rueda BR, Benita Y, Xavier RJ, Chung DC. HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha have divergent roles in colon cancer. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(4):763-71. PMID: 19030186.
77. Huett A, McCarroll SA, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ. On the level: IRGM gene function is all about expression. Autophagy. 2009;5(1):96-9. PMID: 19029815.
78. Irazoqui JE, Ng A, Xavier RJ, Ausubel FM. Role for beta-catenin and HOX transcription factors in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian host epithelial-pathogen interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(45):17469-74. PMID: 18981407.
79. Kuballa P, Huett A, Rioux JD, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ. Impaired autophagy of an intracellular pathogen induced by a Crohn's disease associated ATG16L1 variant. PLoS One. 2008;3(10):e3391. PMID: 18852889.
80. Cadwell K, Liu JY, Brown SL, Miyoshi H, Loh J, Lennerz JK, Kishi C, Kc W, Carrero JA, Hunt S, Stone CD, Brunt EM, Xavier RJ, Sleckman BP, Li E, Mizushima N, Stappenbeck TS, Virgin HWt. A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells. Nature. 2008;456(7219):259-63. PMID: 18849966.
81. Medoff BD, Landry AL, Wittbold KA, Sandall BP, Derby MC, Cao Z, Adams JC, Xavier RJ. CARMA3 mediates lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated cytokine secretion by bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009;40(3):286-94. PMID: 18757306.
82. Krishnan MN, Ng A, Sukumaran B, Gilfoy FD, Uchil PD, Sultana H, Brass AL, Adametz R, Tsui M, Qian F, Montgomery RR, Lev S, Mason PW, Koski RA, Elledge SJ, Xavier RJ, Agaisse H, Fikrig E. RNA interference screen for human genes associated with West Nile virus infection. Nature. 2008;455(7210):242-5. PMID: 18690214.
83. Fujiki K, Duerr EM, Kikuchi H, Ng A, Xavier RJ, Mizukami Y, Imamura T, Kulke MH, Chung DC. Hoxc6 is overexpressed in gastrointestinal carcinoids and interacts with JunD to regulate tumor growth. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(3):907-16, 916 e1-2. PMID: 18655788.
84. Friedman CS, O'Donnell MA, Legarda-Addison D, Ng A, Cardenas WB, Yount JS, Moran TM, Basler CF, Komuro A, Horvath CM, Xavier R, Ting AT. The tumour suppressor CYLD is a negative regulator of RIG-I-mediated antiviral response. EMBO Rep. 2008;9(9):930-6. PMID: 18636086.
85. Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Rioux JD, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Barmada MM, Bitton A, Dassopoulos T, Datta LW, Green T, Griffiths AM, Kistner EO, Murtha MT, Regueiro MD, Rotter JI, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, Xavier RJ, Libioulle C, Sandor C, Lathrop M, Belaiche J, Dewit O, Gut I, Heath S, Laukens D, Mni M, Rutgeerts P, Van Gossum A, Zelenika D, Franchimont D, Hugot JP, de Vos M, Vermeire S, Louis E, Cardon LR, Anderson CA, Drummond H, Nimmo E, Ahmad T, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Marchini J, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Gwilliam R, Tremelling M, Deloukas P, Mansfield J, Jewell D, Satsangi J, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Georges M, Daly MJ. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease. Nat Genet. 2008;40(8):955-62. PMID: 18587394.
86. Tamehiro N, Zhou S, Okuhira K, Benita Y, Brown CE, Zhuang DZ, Latz E, Hornemann T, von Eckardstein A, Xavier RJ, Freeman MW, Fitzgerald ML. SPTLC1 binds ABCA1 to negatively regulate trafficking and cholesterol efflux activity of the transporter. Biochemistry. 2008;47(23):6138-47. PMID: 18484747.
87. Duerr EM, Mizukami Y, Ng A, Xavier RJ, Kikuchi H, Deshpande V, Warshaw AL, Glickman J, Kulke MH, Chung DC. Defining molecular classifications and targets in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors through DNA microarray analysis. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008;15(1):243-56. PMID: 18310291.
88. Yagi T, Giallourakis C, Mohanty S, Scheidig C, Shen J, Zheng H, Xavier RJ, Shaw AC. Defective signal transduction in B lymphocytes lacking presenilin proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(3):979-84. PMID: 18195359.
89. Brass AL, Dykxhoorn DM, Benita Y, Yan N, Engelman A, Xavier RJ, Lieberman J, Elledge SJ. Identification of host proteins required for HIV infection through a functional genomic screen. Science. 2008;319(5865):921-6. PMID: 18187620.
90. Sugimoto K, Ogawa A, Mizoguchi E, Shimomura Y, Andoh A, Bhan AK, Blumberg RS, Xavier RJ, Mizoguchi A. IL-22 ameliorates intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(2):534-44. PMID: 18172556.
91. Cao Z, Huett A, Kuballa P, Giallourakis C, Xavier RJ. DLG1 is an anchor for the E3 ligase MARCH2 at sites of cell-cell contact. Cell Signal. 2008;20(1):73-82. PMID: 17980554.
92. Shibolet O, Giallourakis C, Rosenberg I, Mueller T, Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. AKAP13, a RhoA GTPase-specific guanine exchange factor, is a novel regulator of TLR2 signaling. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(48):35308-17. PMID: 17878165.
93. Cotta-de-Almeida V, Westerberg L, Maillard MH, Onaldi D, Wachtel H, Meelu P, Chung UI, Xavier R, Alt FW, Snapper SB. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and N-WASP are critical for T cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(39):15424-9. PMID: 17878299.
94. Stephenson LM, Sammut B, Graham DB, Chan-Wang J, Brim KL, Huett AS, Miletic AV, Kloeppel T, Landry A, Xavier R, Swat W. DLGH1 is a negative regulator of T-lymphocyte proliferation. Mol Cell Biol. 2007;27(21):7574-81. PMID: 17724087.
95. Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, Silverberg MS, Goyette P, Huett A, Green T, Kuballa P, Barmada MM, Datta LW, Shugart YY, Griffiths AM, Targan SR, Ippoliti AF, Bernard EJ, Mei L, Nicolae DL, Regueiro M, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Rotter JI, Duerr RH, Cho JH, Daly MJ, Brant SR. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet. 2007;39(5):596-604. PMID: 17435756.
96. Mahoney ZX, Sammut B, Xavier RJ, Cunningham J, Go G, Brim KL, Stappenbeck TS, Miner JH, Swat W. Discs-large homolog 1 regulates smooth muscle orientation in the mouse ureter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(52):19872-7. PMID: 17172448.
97. Miletic AV, Graham DB, Montgrain V, Fujikawa K, Kloeppel T, Brim K, Weaver B, Schreiber R, Xavier R, Swat W. Vav proteins control MyD88-dependent oxidative burst. Blood. 2007;109(8):3360-8. PMID: 17158234.
98. Fitzgerald ML, Xavier R, Haley KJ, Welti R, Goss JL, Brown CE, Zhuang DZ, Bell SA, Lu N, McKee M, Seed B, Freeman MW. ABCA3 inactivation in mice causes respiratory failure, loss of pulmonary surfactant, and depletion of lung phosphatidylglycerol. J Lipid Res. 2007;48(3):621-32. PMID: 17142808.
99. Ishiguro K, Ando T, Goto H, Xavier R. Bcl10 is phosphorylated on Ser138 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Mol Immunol. 2007;44(8):2095-100. PMID: 17052756.
100. Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Barnich N, Xavier R, Hisamatsu T, Podolsky DK. Centaurin beta1 down-regulates nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains 1- and 2-dependent NF-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(47):36060-70. PMID: 17005562.
101. Ishiguro K, Ando T, Maeda O, Hasegawa M, Kadomatsu K, Ohmiya N, Niwa Y, Xavier R, Goto H. Paeonol attenuates TNBS-induced colitis by inhibiting NF-kappaB and STAT1 transactivation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006;217(1):35-42. PMID: 16928387.
102. Liu SM, Xavier R, Good KL, Chtanova T, Newton R, Sisavanh M, Zimmer S, Deng C, Silva DG, Frost MJ, Tangye SG, Rolph MS, Mackay CR. Immune cell transcriptome datasets reveal novel leukocyte subset-specific genes and genes associated with allergic processes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118(2):496-503. PMID: 16890777.
103. Giallourakis C, Cao Z, Green T, Wachtel H, Xie X, Lopez-Illasaca M, Daly M, Rioux J, Xavier R. A molecular-properties-based approach to understanding PDZ domain proteins and PDZ ligands. Genome Res. 2006;16(8):1056-72. PMID: 16825666.
104. Ishiguro K, Green T, Rapley J, Wachtel H, Giallourakis C, Landry A, Cao Z, Lu N, Takafumi A, Goto H, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a modulator of CARMA1-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cell Biol. 2006;26(14):5497-508. PMID: 16809782.
105. Medoff BD, Seed B, Jackobek R, Zora J, Yang Y, Luster AD, Xavier R. CARMA1 is critical for the development of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. J Immunol. 2006;176(12):7272-7. PMID: 16751370.
106. Ishiguro K, Avruch J, Landry A, Qin S, Ando T, Goto H, Xavier R. Nore1B regulates TCR signaling via Ras and Carma1. Cell Signal. 2006;18(10):1647-54. PMID: 16520020.
107. Barnich N, Aguirre JE, Reinecker HC, Xavier R, Podolsky DK. Membrane recruitment of NOD2 in intestinal epithelial cells is essential for nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation in muramyl dipeptide recognition. J Cell Biol. 2005;170(1):21-6. PMID: 15998797.
108. Barnich N, Hisamatsu T, Aguirre JE, Xavier R, Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK. GRIM-19 interacts with nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 and serves as downstream effector of anti-bacterial function in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(19):19021-6. PMID: 15753091.
109. Lopez-Ilasaca MA, Bernabe-Ortiz JC, Na SY, Dzau VJ, Xavier RJ. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer identify scaffold protein CNK1 interactions in intact cells. FEBS Lett. 2005;579(3):648-54. PMID: 15670823.
110. Ishiguro K, Cao Z, Ilasca ML, Ando T, Xavier R. Wave2 activates serum response element via its VCA region and functions downstream of Rac. Exp Cell Res. 2004;301(2):331-7. PMID: 15530867.
111. Xavier R, Rabizadeh S, Ishiguro K, Andre N, Ortiz JB, Wachtel H, Morris DG, Lopez-Ilasaca M, Shaw AC, Swat W, Seed B. Discs large (Dlg1) complexes in lymphocyte activation. J Cell Biol. 2004;166(2):173-8. PMID: 15263016.
112. Rabizadeh S, Xavier RJ, Ishiguro K, Bernabeortiz J, Lopez-Ilasaca M, Khokhlatchev A, Mollahan P, Pfeifer GP, Avruch J, Seed B. The scaffold protein CNK1 interacts with the tumor suppressor RASSF1A and augments RASSF1A-induced cell death. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(28):29247-54. PMID: 15075335.
113. Beck PL, Wong JF, Li Y, Swaminathan S, Xavier RJ, Devaney KL, Podolsky DK. Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced intestinal damage is regulated by intestinal trefoil factor. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(3):796-808. PMID: 14988834.
114. Beck PL, Xavier R, Wong J, Ezedi I, Mashimo H, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Bhan AK, Podolsky DK. Paradoxical roles of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms in colonic injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004;286(1):G137-47. PMID: 14665440.
115. Ishiguro K, Xavier R. Homer-3 regulates activation of serum response element in T cells via its EVH1 domain. Blood. 2004;103(6):2248-56. PMID: 14645007.
116. Mizoguchi E, Xavier RJ, Reinecker HC, Uchino H, Bhan AK, Podolsky DK, Mizoguchi A. Colonic epithelial functional phenotype varies with type and phase of experimental colitis. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(1):148-61. PMID: 12851880.
117. Swat W, Xavier R, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Fredericks J, Fujikawa K, Bhan AK, Alt FW. Essential role for Vav1 in activation, but not development, of gammadelta T cells. Int Immunol. 2003;15(2):215-21. PMID: 12578851.
118. Beck PL, Rosenberg IM, Xavier RJ, Koh T, Wong JF, Podolsky DK. Transforming growth factor-beta mediates intestinal healing and susceptibility to injury in vitro and in vivo through epithelial cells. Am J Pathol. 2003;162(2):597-608. PMID: 12547717.
119. Schiffmann R, Mankin H, Dambrosia JM, Xavier RJ, Kreps C, Hill SC, Barton NW, Rosenthal DI. Decreased bone density in splenectomized Gaucher patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2002;28(2):288-96. PMID: 12064924.
120. Khokhlatchev A, Rabizadeh S, Xavier R, Nedwidek M, Chen T, Zhang XF, Seed B, Avruch J. Identification of a novel Ras-regulated proapoptotic pathway. Curr Biol. 2002;12(4):253-65. PMID: 11864565.
121. Mizoguchi E, Mizoguchi A, Takedatsu H, Cario E, de Jong YP, Ooi CJ, Xavier RJ, Terhorst C, Podolsky DK, Bhan AK. Role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in colonic epithelial hyperplasia and chronic intestinal inflammation in mice. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(1):134-44. PMID: 11781288.
122. Colucci R, Fleming JV, Xavier R, Wang TC. L-histidine decarboxylase decreases its own transcription through downregulation of ERK activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001;281(4):G1081-91. PMID: 11557529.
123. Chung RT, He W, Saquib A, Contreras AM, Xavier RJ, Chawla A, Wang TC, Schmidt EV. Hepatitis C virus replication is directly inhibited by IFN-alpha in a full-length binary expression system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(17):9847-52. PMID: 11493707.
124. Mankin HJ, Rosenthal DI, Xavier R. Gaucher disease. New approaches to an ancient disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A(5):748-62. PMID: 11379747.
125. Merscher S, Funke B, Epstein JA, Heyer J, Puech A, Lu MM, Xavier RJ, Demay MB, Russell RG, Factor S, Tokooya K, Jore BS, Lopez M, Pandita RK, Lia M, Carrion D, Xu H, Schorle H, Kobler JB, Scambler P, Wynshaw-Boris A, Skoultchi AI, Morrow BE, Kucherlapati R. TBX1 is responsible for cardiovascular defects in velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge syndrome. Cell. 2001;104(4):619-29. PMID: 11239417.
126. Beck PL, Xavier R, Lu N, Nanda NN, Dinauer M, Podolsky DK, Seed B. Mechanisms of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury defined using mutant mice. Gastroenterology. 2000;119(3):699-705. PMID: 10982764.
127. Muehlhoefer A, Saubermann LJ, Gu X, Luedtke-Heckenkamp K, Xavier R, Blumberg RS, Podolsky DK, MacDermott RP, Reinecker HC. Fractalkine is an epithelial and endothelial cell-derived chemoattractant for intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa. J Immunol. 2000;164(6):3368-76. PMID: 10706732.
128. Itoh H, Beck PL, Inoue N, Xavier R, Podolsky DK. A paradoxical reduction in susceptibility to colonic injury upon targeted transgenic ablation of goblet cells. J Clin Invest. 1999;104(11):1539-47. PMID: 10587517.
129. Fukumura D, Xavier R, Sugiura T, Chen Y, Park EC, Lu N, Selig M, Nielsen G, Taksir T, Jain RK, Seed B. Tumor induction of VEGF promoter activity in stromal cells. Cell. 1998;94(6):715-25. PMID: 9753319.
130. Hocker M, Rosenberg I, Xavier R, Henihan RJ, Wiedenmann B, Rosewicz S, Podolsky DK, Wang TC. Oxidative stress activates the human histidine decarboxylase promoter in AGS gastric cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(36):23046-54. PMID: 9722530.
131. Xavier R, Brennan T, Li Q, McCormack C, Seed B. Membrane compartmentation is required for efficient T cell activation. Immunity. 1998;8(6):723-32. PMID: 9655486.
132. Swat W, Fujikawa K, Ganiatsas S, Yang D, Xavier RJ, Harris NL, Davidson L, Ferrini R, Davis RJ, Labow MA, Flavell RA, Zon LI, Alt FW. SEK1/MKK4 is required for maintenance of a normal peripheral lymphoid compartment but not for lymphocyte development. Immunity. 1998;8(5):625-34. PMID: 9620683.
133. Liang TJ, Reid AE, Xavier R, Cardiff RD, Wang TC. Transgenic expression of tpr-met oncogene leads to development of mammary hyperplasia and tumors. J Clin Invest. 1996;97(12):2872-7. PMID: 8675700.
134. Greenberg S, Chang P, Wang DC, Xavier R, Seed B. Clustered syk tyrosine kinase domains trigger phagocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(3):1103-7. PMID: 8577722.

Reviews, Chapters, and Editorials

1. Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Common alleles that influence autophagy and the risk for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Immunol. 2012;24(5):522-9. PMID: 23041451
2. Kuballa P, Nolte WM, Castoreno AB, Xavier RJ. 2012. Autophagy and the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol 30: 611-46. PMID: 22449030.
3. Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. 2011. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 474: 307-17. PMID: 21677747.
4. Stappenbeck TS, Rioux JD, Mizoguchi A, Saitoh T, Huett A, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Wileman T, Mizushima N, Carding S, Akira S, Parkes M, Xavier RJ. 2011. Crohn disease: a current perspective on genetics, autophagy and immunity. Autophagy 7: 355-74. PMID: 20729636.
5. Bekpen C, Xavier RJ, Eichler EE. 2010. Human IRGM gene "to be or not to be". Semin Immunopathol 32: 437-44. PMID: 20737271.
6. Huett A, Goel G, Xavier RJ. 2010. A systems biology viewpoint on autophagy in health and disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 26: 302-9. PMID: 20571384.
7. Huett A, Xavier RJ. 2010. Autophagy at the gut interface: mucosal responses to stress and the consequences for inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 16: 152-74. PMID: 19575363.
8. Heath RJ, Xavier RJ. 2009. Autophagy, immunity and human disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25: 512-20. PMID: 19826372.
9. Avruch J, Xavier R, Bardeesy N, Zhang XF, Praskova M, Zhou D, Xia F. 2009. Rassf family of tumor suppressor polypeptides. J Biol Chem 284: 11001-5. PMID: 19091744.
10. Xavier RJ, Rioux JD. 2008. Genome-wide association studies: a new window into immune-mediated diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 8: 631-43. PMID: 18654571.
11. Xavier RJ, Huett A, Rioux JD. 2008. Autophagy as an important process in gut homeostasis and Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Gut 57: 717-20. PMID: 18272545.
12. Seed B, Xavier R. 2008. Spinophilin and the immune synapse. J Cell Biol 181: 181-3. PMID: 18411314.
13. Huett A, Xavier RJ. 2008. Neither hide nor hair: the difficulty of identifying useful disease biomarkers. Gastroenterology 134: 2164-8. PMID: 18486617.
14. Huett A, Xavier R. 2008. SNPping away at the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 14: 136-7. PMID: 17941076.
15. Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. 2007. Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 448: 427-34. PMID: 17653185.
16. Huett A, Benita Y, Xavier RJ. The role of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the regulation of T lymphocyte development and activation [Chapter]. In: Lymphocyte Activation and Signal Transduction. Research Signpost
17. Goyette P, Labbe C, Trinh TT, Xavier RJ, Rioux JD. 2007. Molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: genotypes, phenotypes and personalized medicine. Ann Med 39: 177-99. PMID: 17457716.
18. Landry A, Xavier R. 2006. Isolation and analysis of lipid rafts in cell-cell interactions. Methods Mol Biol 341: 251-82. PMID: 16799204.
19. Xavier R, Seed B. 2005. PDZ domains and the politics of polarity in lymphocytes. Immunity 22: 655-6. PMID: 15963778.
20. Xavier R, Podolsky DK. 2005. Commensal flora: wolf in sheep's clothing. Gastroenterology 128: 1122-6. PMID: 15825094.
21. Chawla N, Andre N, Choi M, Bernabe-Ortiz J, Xavier R. 2001. An update on lymphocyte activation and signal transduction in inflammation. 7th International Symposium on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 11-30.
22. Ting A, Lichtenthaler S, Xavier R, Na SY, Rabizadeh S, Holmes T, Seed B. 2005. Large-scale screens for cDNAs with in vivo activity. Novartis Found Symp 267: 219-29; discussion 29-30
23. Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. 2000. Microbiology. How to get along--friendly microbes in a hostile world. Science 289: 1483-4. PMID: 10991734.
24. Xavier R, Seed B. 1999. Membrane compartmentation and the response to antigen. Curr Opin Immunol 11: 265-9. PMID: 9655486.
25. Lown B, Bukachi F, Xavier R. 1998. Health information in the developing world. Lancet 352 Suppl 2: SII34-8. PMID: 9798645.
26. Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. 1995. Addressing lymphocytes for mucosal delivery in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 11(4):343-344
27. Mullaney J, Xavier R. 1995. Satellife: Building an electronic health network in the developing world. Technology and Informatics 23:265-275.
28. Rachmilewitz D, Stamler J, Karmeli F, Loscalzo J, Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. 1994. Role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of IBD.Rachmilewitz D, ed. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1:82-90.
29. Xavier RJ, Mann J, Tarantola DJ, Netter TW. 1992. AIDS and tuberculosis: A dangerous synergy [Chapter]. In: AIDS in the world. Harvard University Press, 148-163.
30. Bigger RJ, Xavier RJ. 1992. AIDS and cancer [Chapter]. In: AIDS in the World. Harvard University Press, 134-143.