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Robert Michael Kacmarek, PhD, RRT, FCCM, FCCP, FARC

Director, Respiratory Care
 


EDUCATION:

  • B.S., University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
  • Diploma, University of Chicago Hospital, Respiratory Care Program, Chicago, Illinois
  • M.A., Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
  • Ph.D.,Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

CERTIFICATION:

  • 1971, Certification, National Board for Respiratory Therapy, Chicago
  • 1973, Registration, National Board for Respiratory Therapy, Chicago

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:

  • 1988–1995, Assistant Professor of Anesthesia (Respiratory Care), Harvard Medical School, Boston
  • 1996, Associate Professor of Anesthesia (Respiratory Care), Harvard Medical School, Boston

MAJOR COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS:

Allied Health Education Committees

  • 1975–1984, Respiratory Care Program Advisory Committee, Chairman, Northwestern University
  • 1978–1982, Allied Health Steering Committee, Member, Northwestern University
  • 1988–Present, Respiratory Care Advisory Committee, Member, Massasoit
  • Community College
  • 1989–2000, Respiratory Care Advisory Committee, Member, Newbury College

Home Care Committees

  • 1991–1998, Respiratory Care Advisory Committee, Member, Chartwell Home Health Care

Hospital Committees

  • 1985–Present, Critical Care Committee, Member, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1985–Present, Infection Control Committee, Member, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1990–Present, Continuous Quality Improvement Committee, Chairman, Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1992–Presen, Research Committee, Respiratory Care, Chairman, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1993–1996, Technology Assessment Committee, Member, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1994–1996, Patient Care Restructuring Committee, Member/Chairman, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1995–Present, Operations Improvement Committee, Member/Chairman, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1995–1997, Cost Reduction Committee, Chairman, Partners HealthCare System
  • 1995–1997, Health Professionals Subcommittee of the Executive Committee, Chairman, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1997–Present, Patient Care Services Executive Committee, Member, Massachusetts General Hospital

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIP:

  • 1967–Present, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, Member
  • 1970–1984, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Member
  • 1974–1978, National Board for Respiratory Therapy, Registration Examination, Oral Examiner
  • 1974–1977, Educational Committee, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Member
  • 1975–1984, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Member
  • 1975–1976, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Vice President
  • 1975–1976, Illinois Council for Respiratory Therapy Educators, Vice Chairman
  • 1975–1976, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Annual Program Committee, Chairman
  • 1976–Present, American Heart Association, Member
  • 1976–1977, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, Regionalization Committee, Member
  • 1976–1977, American Association for Respiratory Therapy Publications Committee, House of Delegates, Member
  • 1976–1977, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, Clinical Simulation tem Writing Subcommittee, Member
  • 1976–1977, Tri–State Hospital Assembly, Respiratory Therapy Program, Chairman
  • 1976–1977, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Licensure and Legislative Review Committee, Member
  • 1976–1978, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Membership Committee, Chairman
  • 1976–1980, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, Delegate from Illinois
  • 1976–1980, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, House of Delegates, Member
  • 1977–1978, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Regional Development Ad Hoc Committee, Chairman
  • 1977–1978, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, Bylaws Committee
  • 1977–1978, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, Continuing Education Subcommittee, Member
  • 1977–1981, American Association for Respiratory Therapy, PROCEED Program Evaluator
  • 1977–1981, National Board for Respiratory Therapy
  • 1986–1989, Consultant on Clinical Simulations, NBRC
  • 1978–1979, Illinois Society for Respiratory Therapy, Membership Committee, Member
  • 1978–1985, American Heart Association, Certified Instructor Trainer
  • 1981–1985, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Member
  • 1981–1985, American Society of Allied Health Professionals, Member
  • 1982–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Trustee
  • 1982–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Clinical Simulation Examination Committee, Chairman
  • 1982–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Pulmonary Functions Examination, Member
  • 1982–1983, National Board for Respiratory Care, Admissions Committee Member
  • 1983–1984, National Board for Respiratory Care, Publication and Public Relations Committee, Member
  • 1983–1984, National Board for Respiratory Care, Ad Hoc Blood Gas Item Committee, Member
  • 1983–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Examination Chairman Committee, Member
  • 1983–1985, American Association for Respiratory Care, AMA Panel of Consultants, Alternate Representative
  • 1983, Massachusetts General Hospital, Respiratory Care Department, Consultant
  • 1984–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Long Range Planning Committee, Member
  • 1985–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Licensure Liaison Committee, Member
  • 1985–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Rules and Bylaws Committee, Member
  • 1985–1986, National Board for Respiratory Care, Nominations Committee, Member
  • 1985–1988, Consultant on Clinical Simulation Development, American Society of Critical Care Nurses
  • 1985–1988, Consultant on Clinical Simulation Development, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.
  • 1986, Consultant on Instructional Design, Indiana Vocational Technical College
  • 1986, Consultant on Clinical Simulation Development, School of Nursing, Medical College of South Carolina
  • 1987–1990, International Respiratory Care Committee, American Association for Respiratory Care, Member
  • 1988–1989, Planning Committee, World Congress on Home Care, Rome, Italy, Member
  • 1989, Uniform Report Manual Committee, American Association for Respiratory Care, Member
  • 1989–1991, International Home Care Association, Member
  • 1989–1991, Publications Committee, International Home Care Association, Chairman
  • 1992, American Association for Respiratory Care Consensus Conference on Mechanical Ventilators, Participant
  • 1992, American Association for Respiratory Care Consensus Conference on Entry Level Respiratory Care Education, Participant
  • 1993, American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Mechanical Ventilation, Participant
  • 1994, American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Home Mechanical Ventilation, Participant
  • 1994, Fellowship of Critical Care Medicine, Member
  • 1995, American Association for Respiratory Care Consensus Conference on Mechanical Ventilatory Technology, Participant
  • 1996, American College of Chest Physicians Focus Group of Allied Health Practitioners, Member
  • 1996–1998, American Thoracic Society Program Committee, Member
  • 1997–1998, FDA Panel on Anesthesia and Respiratory Care Equipment
    Consultant
  • 1998–2000, FDA Panel on Anesthesia and Respiratory Care Equipment, Member
  • 1996–Present, American Association for Respiratory Care, Task Force on Professional Direction, Member
  • 1997–Present, American College of Chest Physicians Membership Committee
  • 1998–Present, American College of Chest Physicians Public Relations Committee

EDITORIAL BOARDS:

1985–1996, Respiratory Care Journal, Member
1985–Present, Respiratory Care, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1986–1989, Respiratory Times, Member
1987, Respiratory Care Vol. 32, No. 6 and 7. Guest Editor, Special Issues, Mechanical Ventilation, Parts 1 and 2
1988, Respiratory Care Vol. 33, No. 6 and 7. Guest Editor Special Issues, Positive End–Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), Parts 1 and 2
1988–1991, Respiratory Care Journal, Chairman
1990–Present, Critical Care Medicine, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1991–1994, American Review of Respiratory Diseases, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1991–Present, Chest, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1992–Present, Anesthesiology, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1992–Present, Intensive Care Medicine, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1994–Present, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1994–2000, Critical Care Alert, Member
1995–Present, Thorax, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1995–Present, New England Journal of Medicine, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1999–Present, European Respiratory Journal, Ad Hoc Reviewer
1999–Present, Journal of Applied Physiology, Ad Hoc Reviewer

AWARDS AND HONORS:

  • 1982, American Respiratory Therapy Foundation Grant
  • 1983, Inhalation Therapy Services Literary Award
  • 1983, Parke–Davis Literary Guild Award
  • 1983, 3M Literary Award
  • 1983, Ohio Medical Research Award
  • 1991, Program Committee Special Lecture, American Association for Respiratory Care
  • 1995, Fellow, Society of Critical Care Medicine
  • 1996, Fellow, American College of Chest Physicians
  • 1996, Best Teacher Award, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellows, Massachusetts General Hospital
  • 1998, College Medallist, American College of Chest Physicians
  • 1998, Fellow American Association for Respiratory Care

GRANTS:

  • 1982, American Respiratory Therapy Foundation, PI, $10,000
  • 1991, Puritan–Bennett Corporation, PI, $5,000
  • 1991, American Cancer Society, PI, $10,000
  • 1992, Siemens Medical Association, PI, $8,000
  • 1992–1995, Puritan–Bennett Corporation, PI, $65,000/yr
  • 1993, American Respiratory Therapy Foundation, Co–PI, $10,000
  • 1996, Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., PI, $35,000
  • 1997, Sherwood, Davis & Geck Corp., PI, $54,000
  • 1998, Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., PI, $85,000
  • 1999, Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., PI, $65,000
  • 2001, Respironics Corp., PI, $35,000

Current Research Activities:

  • Use of High Frequency Oscillates and Partial Liquid Ventilation in the Management of Lung Injured Sheep: PI
  • Comparison of Pressure Control Ventilation, High Frequency Oscillation and Airway Pressure Relief Ventilation in the Management of ARDS Sheep: PI
  • The Effect of Sustained High Pressure Recruitment Maneuvers and Sighs in Lung Injured Sheep: PI
  • Standardized Methodology of Performing Pressure–Volume Curves in Lung Injured Sheep: PI
  • Partial Liquid Ventilation in Adult ARDS, Phase 2 Trial: Co–PI
  • Use of High Frequency Oscillation in Adult ARDS Patient, Phase 1/2 Trial: PI
  • The Effect of NIPPV in ALS Patients During Sleep: PI
  • Frequency, Demographics, Technical Approaches and Outcome of NIPPV at the MGH: PI

PUBLICATIONS:

Original Reports:

  1. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S, Reynolds J, Shapiro BA. Technical Aspects of Positive End Expiratory Pressure: Part I – Physics of PEEP Devices. Respiratory Care 1982; 27:1478.
  2. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S, Reynolds J, Shapiro BA. Technical Aspects of Positive End Expiratory Pressure: Part II – PEEP with Positive Pressure Ventilation. Respiratory Care 1982; 27:1490.
  3. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S, Reynolds J, Shapiro BA. Technical Aspects of Positive End Expiratory Pressure: Part III – PEEP with Spontaneous Ventilation. Respiratory Care 1982; 27:1505.
  4. Woodward CB, Kacmarek RM. Failure to Wean in the Adult (X–ray Case Study). Respiratory Care 1983; 28:775.
  5. Woodward CB, Kacmarek RM. Radiographic Evaluation of the Spinal–Cord Injured Patient (X–ray Case Study). Respiratory Care 1984; 29:63.
  6. Reynolds J, Kacmarek RM. Inadvertent Airway Obstruction, (X–ray Case Study). Respiratory Care 1984; 29:395.
  7. Kacmarek RM. The Role of Pressure Support Ventilation in Reducing Work of Breathing. Respiratory Care 1988; 33:99.
  8. Potash RJ, Cycyk–Chapman C, Kacmarek RM. A Lethal Complication of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa (X–ray Case Study). Respiratory Care 1989; 34:207.
  9. Potash RJ, Kacmarek RM. Chest Radiograph Abnormalities Following Penetrating Trauma. Respiratory Care 1989; 34:363–364.
  10. Torres A, Kimball WR, Qvist J, Stanek K, Kacmarek RM, Whyte RI, Montalescot G, Zapol WM. Sonomicrometric Regional Diaphragmatic Shortening in Awake Sheep Following Thoracic Surgery. J of Applied Physiology 1989; 67:2357–2368.
  11. Kacmarek RM, Cycyk–Chapman MC, Young–Palazzo PJ, Romagnoli DM. Comparison of Two Techniques for the Determination of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Respiratory Care 1989; 39:868–878.
  12. Kacmarek RM, Stanek K, McMahon K, Wilson R. Imposed Work of Breathing During Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Via Home Care Ventilators. Respiratory Care 1990; 35:405–414.
  13. Fragoso C, Kacmarek RM, Ginns L, Kanarek D, Systrom D. Improvement in Ventilatory and Exercise Capacity after Nocturnal Positive Pressure Ventilation and Tracheotomy in a Post–Poliomyelitis Patient (Case Study). Chest 1991; 101:254–257.
  14. Hirsch CA, Kacmarek RM, Stanek K. Work of breathing during CPAP and IPS imposed by the new generation mechanical ventilation. Respiratory Care 1991; 36:802–816.
  15. Curren JF, Stanek KS, Kacmarek RM. Portable Airway–Suction Systems: A Comparison of Performance. Respiratory Care 1991; 36:259–265.
  16. Kacmarek RM, Foley K, Cheever P, Romagnoli D. Determination of Ventilatory Reserve in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Comparison of Techniques. Respiratory Care 1991; 36:1085–1092.
  17. Kacmarek RM, Kratohvil J. Evaluation of a Double–Enclosure, Double–Vacuum Unit Scavenging System for Ribavirin Administration. Respiratory Care 1992; 37:37–45.
  18. Torres A, Kacmarek RM, Kimball WR, Qvist J, Stanek K, Whyte RI, Zapol WM. Regional Diaphragmatic Length and EMG Activity During Inspiratory Pressure Support and CPAP in Awake Sheep. Journal of Applied Physiology 1993; 74:695–704.
  19. Polaner DM, Kimball WR, Fratacci MD, Wain JC, Kacmarek RM, Torres A, Zapol WM. Effects of aminophylline on regional diaphragmatic shortening after thoracotomy in the awake lamb. Anesthesiology l992; 77:93–l00.
  20. Niven RW, Kacmarek RM, Brain JD, Peterfreund RA. Small bore nozzle extensions to improve the delivery efficiency of drugs from metered dose inhalers: Laboratory evaluation. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1993; 147:1590–1594.
  21. Fratacci MD, Kimball WR, Wain JC, Kacmarek RM, Polaner DM, Zapol WM. Diaphragmatic shortening after thoracic surgery in humans: Effects of mechanical ventilation and thoracic epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1993; 79:654–665.
  22. Sullivan LM, Kacmarek RM. Respiratory and cardiac arrest following a prolonged course of periodic coughing and fever in a one–year old. Respiratory Care 1993; 38:1103–1106.
  23. Peterfreund RA, Niven RW, Kacmarek RM. Syringe actuated metered dose inhalers: A quantitative laboratory evaluation of albuterol delivery through nozzle extensions. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1994; 78:554–558.
  24. Nishimura M, Imanaka H, Yoshiya I, Kacmarek RM. Comparison of inspiratory work of breathing between flow–triggered and pressure–triggered demand flow system in rabbits. Critical Care Medicine 1994; 22:1002–1009.
  25. Bigatello LM, Hurford WE, Kacmarek RM, Roberts JD, Zapol WM. Prolonged inhalation of low levels of nitric oxide in patients with severe ARDS: Effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygenation. Anesthesiology 1994; 80:761–770.
  26. Kacmarek RM, Mang H, Barker N, Cycyk–Chapman MC. The effects of disposable/interchangeable PEEP valves of work of breathing during CPAP. Critical Care Medicine 1994; 22:1219–1226.
  27. Semigran MJ, Cockrill BA, Kacmarek RM, Thompson BT, Zapol WM, Dee GW, Fifer MA. Hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide in heart failure. J of Am College of Cardiology 1994; 24:982–988.
  28. Hess D, Hirsch C, Marquis–D'Amico C, Kacmarek RM. Improved work and oxygen delivery during spontaneous breathing with adult disposable manual ventilators. Anesthesiology 1994; 81:1256–1263.
  29. Mang H, Kacmarek RM, Ritz R, Wilson RW, Kimball WP. Cardiorespiratory effects of volume and pressure controlled ventilation at various I:E ratios in an acute lung injury model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:731–732.
  30. Hess D, Burns E, Romagnoli D, Kacmarek RM. Weekly ventilator circuit changes: A strategy to reduce costs without affecting pneumonia rates. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:903–911.
  31. Nishimura M, Hess D, Kacmarek RM, Ritz R, Hurford WE. Nitrogen dioxide production during adult mechanical ventilation with nitric oxide: Effects of ventilator internal volume, air versus nitrogen dilution, minute ventilation and FIO2. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:1246–1254.
  32. Kacmarek RM, Kirmse M, Nishimura M, Mang H, Kimball WP. The effects of applied vs auto–PEEP on local lung unit pressure and volume in a four–unit lung model. Chest 1995; 108:1073–1079.
  33. Hess D, Fisher D, Peterfreund RA, Kacmarek RM. The delivery of aerosolized steroids from MDI's with nozzle extensions: A quantitative laboratory evaluation. Intensive Care Medicine 1995; 21:945–951.
  34. Kacmarek RM, Ripple R, Cockrill B, Block KJ, Zapol WM, Johnson D. Inhaled nitric oxide as a bronchodilator in methacholine–induced bronchospasm in mild asthmatics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:128–135.
  35. Nishimura M, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. The response of flow triggered infant ventilators. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1901–1909.
  36. Sheridan RL, Kacmarek RM, McEttrick MM, Weber JM, Doody DP, Ryan DP, Schnitzer JJ, Tompkins RG. Permissive hypercapnia as a ventilatory strategy in burned children: Effect on barotrauma, pneumonia and mortality. Journal of Trauma 1995; 39:854–859.
  37. Imanaka H, Kacmarek RM, Ritz R, Hess D. Tracheal Gas Insufflation – Pressure Control vs. Volume Control Ventilation: A Lung Model Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:1019–1024.
  38. Bigatello LM, Nishimura M, Imanaka H, Hess D, Kimball WR, Kacmarek RM. Unloading of the work of breathing by proportional assist ventilation in a lung model. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:267–272.
  39. Hess D, Fisher D, Williams P, Pooler S, Kacmarek RM. Medication Nebulizer Performance: effects of diluent, volume, nebulizer flow, and nebulizer brand. Chest 1996; 110;498–505.
  40. Sheridan RL, Hurford WE, Kacmarek RM, Ritz RH, Yin LM, Ryan CM, Thompkins RG. Inhaled nitric oxide in burn patients with respiratory failure. J of Trauma 1997; 42:629–634.
  41. Goulet R, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Pressure vs flow triggering during pressure support ventilation. Chest 1997; 111:1649–1654.
  42. Bunburaphong T, Imanaka H, Nishimura M, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Performance characteristics of bilevel pressure ventilators: a lung model study. Chest 1997; 111:1050–1060.
  43. Imanaka H, Hess D, Kirmse M, Bigatello LM, Kacmarek RM, Steudel W, Hurford WE. Inaccuracies of nitric oxide delivery systems during adult mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology 1997; 86:676–688.
  44. Purtz EP, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Evaluation of electrochemical nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide analyzers suitable for use during mechanical ventilation. J Clin Monitoring 1997; 13:25–34.
  45. Imanaka H, Kimball WR, Wain JC, Nishimura M, Okubo K, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Recovery of diaphragmatic function in awake sheep after two approaches to thoracic surgery. J of Applied Physiology 1997; 83:1733–1740.
  46. Head CA, Brugnara C, Martiney–Ruiz R, Kacmarek RM, Bridges KR, Kuter D, Block KD, Zapol WM. Low concentrations of nitric oxide increase oxygen affinity of sickle erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Investigation 1997; 100:1193–1198.
  47. Imanaka H, Hess D, Al–Himyary A, Bigatello LM, Ritz R, Kacmarek RM, Hurford WE. Assessment of errors when expiratory condensate PCO2 is used as a proxy for mixed expired PCO2 during mechanical ventilation. J Clin Monitoring 1997; 13:215–222.
  48. Nishimura M, Imanaka H, Uchiyama A, Tashirs C, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Response of chemiluminescence analyzers on the measured value of nitric oxide (NO). J Clin Monitoring 1997; 13:241–248.
  49. Sheridan RL, Prelack K, Szyfelbein SK, Kacmarek RM, Thompkins RG. Neuromuscular blockade does not decrease oxygen consumption in the ventilated child. J. Int Care Med 1997; 12:321–323.
  50. Kirmse M, Hess D, Fujino Y, Kacmarek RM, Hurford WE. Delivery of inhaled nitric oxide using the Ohmeda INO vent delivery system. Chest 1998; 113:1650–1657.
  51. Imanaka H, Kacmarek RM, Riggi V, Ritz R, Hess D. Expiratory phase and volume–adjusted tracheal gas insufflation: a lung model study. Critical Care Medicine 1998; 26:939–946.
  52. Kirmse M, Fujino Y, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Positive end–expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics during partial liquid ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1550–1556.
  53. Oelberg DA, Kacmarek RM, Pappagianopoulos P, Ginns LC, Systrom DM. Ventilatory and cardiovascular response to exercise in patients with severe COPD breathing helium oxygen mixtures. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1876–1882.
  54. Fujino Y, Kirmse M, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. The effect of ventilatory mode and inspiratory time on gas exchange during partial liquid ventilation in an acute lung injury model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159:1087–1095.
  55. Imanaka H, Kirmse M, Mang H, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Expiratory phase tracheal gas insufflation and pressure control ventilation in lung lavage sheep with permissive hypercapnia: effects of TGI flow direction and inspiratory time. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159:49–59.
  56. Acosta FL, Hess DR, Ritz RH, Kacmarek RM, Camargo CA. The effect of heliox on nebulizer function using a beta–agonist bronchodilator. Chest. 1999; 115:184–189.
  57. Kirmse M, Fujino Y, Hromi J, Mang H, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Pressure release tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) reduces airway pressures in lung injured sheep maintaining eucapnia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 160:1462–1467.
  58. Villar J, Perey–Mendey L, Kacmarek RM. Current definitions of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome do not reflect their true severity and outcome. Intensive Care Medicine, 1999; 25:930–935.
  59. Ferreyra G, Goddon S, Fujino Y, Kacmarek RM. The relationship between gas delivery patterns and the lower inflection point of the P–V curve during partial liquid ventilation. Chest. 2000; 117:191–198.
  60. Fujino Y, Goddon S, Chiche JD, Hromi J, Kacmarek RM. Partial liquid ventilation provides better ventilation than gas ventilation with PEEP set above lower inflection point. Am J Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 2000; 162:650–657.
  61. Fujino, Y, Kacmarek RM, Hess D. Nitric Oxide delivery during high frequency oscillation. Respiratory Care 2000; 45:1097–1105.
  62. Williams P, Muelver M, Kratohvil J, Ritz R, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Pressure support and pressure assist/control are there differences?: An evaluation of the newest ICU ventilators. Respiratory Care 2000; 45:1169–1181.
  63. Cockrill BA, Kacmarek RM, Thompson T, Fifer MA, Bigatello LM, Ginns LC, Zapol WM, Semigram MJ. Comparison of the effects of nitric oxide, nitroprusside and nifedipine on hemodynamics and right ventricular contractility in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2001; 119:128–136.
  64. Kapasi M, Fujino Y, Kirmse M, Catlin EA, Kacmarek RM. Effort and work of breathing in neonates during assisted, patient triggered ventilation. Pediatric Critical Care 2001; 2:9–16.
  65. Goddon S, Fujino Y, Hromi J, Kacmarek RM. Optimal mean airway pressure during HFO: Predicted by the pressure–volume curve. Anesthesiology 2001; 94:862–869.
  66. Chatmongkolchart S, Kacmarek RM, Hess D. Heliox delivery with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Respiratory Care 2001; 46:248–254.
  67. Fujino Y, Goddon S, Dolhnikoff M, Hess D, Amato MBP, Kacmarek RM. Repetitive high pressure recruitment maneuvers (RM) required to maximally recruit lung in ARDS sheep. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1579–1586.
  68. Chatmongolkolchart S, Williams P, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Evaluation of inspiratory rise time and inspiratory termination criteria in new generation mechanical ventilators: A lung model study. Respiratory Care 2001; 46:666–678.
  69. Takeuchi M, Sedeek KA, Schettino GPP, Suchodolski K, Kacmarek RM. Peak pressure during volume history and pressure–volume history and pressure–volume curve measurement affects analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1225–1230.
  70. Takeuchi M, Williams P, Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Continuous positive airway pressure in new generation mechanical ventilators: A lung model study. Anesthesiology (In Press).
  71. Takeuchi M, Goddon S, Dolhnikoff M, Shimaoka M, Hess D, Amato MBP, Kacmarek RM. Set PEEP during protective ventilation affects lung injury. Anesthesiology (In Press).

Reviews:

  1. Kacmarek RM. IPPB Therapy. In: Shapiro BA, Harrison RA,Trout CA. Clinical Application of Respiratory Care. Chicago Year Book Medical Pub Inc., 1975.
  2. Kacmarek RM. Humidity and Aerosol Therapy. In: Shapiro BA, Harrison RA, Trout CA. Clinical Application of Respiratory Care, Year Book Medical Pub Inc., 1975.
  3. Dimas, S, Kacmarek RM. Intrapulmonary Shunting, Part I, Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy. Vol. 1, Lesson 6, 1978.
  4. Dimas S, Kacmarek RM. Intrapulmonary Shunting, Part II, Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy. Vol. I, Lesson 7, 1978.
  5. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S. Intrapulmonary Deadspace. Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy. Vol. 1, Lesson 19, 1979.
  6. Shapiro BA, Kacmarek RM. Endotracheal Airways, Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy. Vol. 2, Lesson 18, 1980.
  7. Shapiro BA, Kacmarek RM. Airway Care, Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy. Vol. 2, Lesson 18, 1980.
  8. Kacmarek RM, Shapiro BA, Dimas S. Non–Respiratory Functions of the Lung, Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy, Vol. , Lesson 1, 1980.
  9. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S. Oxygen Toxicity, Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy. Vol. 4, Lesson 14, 1982.
  10. Kacmarek RM, Alfredson T. Mechanical Ventilation. In: Blodgett D, ed. Manual of Pediatric Respiratory Care Procedures. J.B. Lippincott, Inc., Philadelphia, 1982.
  11. Alfredson T, Kacmarek RM. Monitoring. In: Blodgett D, ed. Manual of Pediatric Respiratory Care Procedures. J.B. Lippincott, Inc., Philadelphia, 1982.
  12. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S. Cardiovascular Physiology, Current Reviews in Respiratory Therapy. Vol. 5, Lesson 20, 1983.
  13. Kacmarek RM. Baccalaureate–Level Respiratory Therapy Education: Practitioner Interest. Respiratory Therapy. 1963; 13:139.
  14. Kacmarek RM, Gross RC. Advanced Programs in Respiratory Therapy: 1983 Update. AARTimes. 1983; 7:46.
  15. Gross RC, Kacmarek RM. Career Advancement and Continued Schooling: Advice for Success. AARTimes. 1983; 7:78.
  16. Kacmarek RM. The Clinical Simulation Examination, NBRC Newsletter. Vol. 9, No. 5, 1983.
  17. Kacmarek RM. Troubleshooting Ventilator Problems Begins with Verifying Accuracy of Settings. Critical Care Monitor. 1984; 4:106.
  18. Walton JR, Kacmarek RM. Continuing Education, Whose Cost? Whose Benefit? AARTimes. 1984; 8:20.
  19. Kacmarek RM. Revalidation of the Clinical Simulation Examination: NBRC Newsletter. Vol. 10, No. 4, 1984.
  20. Kacmarek RM. The Art of Artificial Airways. Emergency Medicine. 1984; 16:30.
  21. Kacmarek RM, Wilson RS. (Editorial) IMV systems: Does it make a difference? Chest. 1985; 87:557.
  22. Kacmarek RM. The Predictive Validation of the Clinical Simulation Examination NBRC Newsletter. Vol 11, No. 3, 1985.
  23. Kacmarek RM. Construction of the Clinical Simulation Examination: NBRC Newsletter. Vol 11, No. 5, 1985.
  24. Kacmarek RM. Current and Future Role of the Respiratory Care Practitioner: Respiratory Care. 1986; 31:516.
  25. Kacmarek RM, Spearman CB. Equipment Used for Home Ventilatory Support. Respiratory Care. 1986; 31:311.
  26. Kacmarek RM, Thompson J. Respiratory Home Care for the Ventilator–Assisted Infant. Respiratory Care. 1986; 31:605.
  27. Kacmarek RM. Systematic Modification of Ventilatory Support, Chapter 19. In: Barnes TA (ed). Respiratory Therapy Practice. Yearbook Medical Publisher, (Chicago, 1988).
  28. Kacmarek RM. New Home Care Mechanical Ventilators. Respiratory Times. 1986;1(2):12.
  29. Kacmarek RM. Pressure Support – Another Approach to Mechanical Ventilation. Respiratory Times. 1986; 1(5):1.
  30. Kacmarek RM. Mandatory Minute Ventilation: Closing the Loop. Respiratory Times. 1986; 1(7):11.
  31. Kacmarek RM. Future Trends in Critical Respiratory Care. Respiratory Therapy Management. 1987; 17:14–15.
  32. Kacmarek RM, Goulet RL. PEEP Devices: In: Shapiro BA, Cane RA, eds. Positive Pressure Ventilation. Anesthesia Clinics of North America. 1987; 5:757.
  33. Kacmarek RM, Venegas J. Mechanical Ventilator Rates and Tidal Volumes. Respiratory Care. 1987; 32:466.
  34. Kacmarek RM, Spearman C. The Siemens Servo 900C Mechanical Ventilator. Respiratory Times. 1987; 2(8):7.
  35. Kacmarek RM, Spearman C. The Engstrom Erica Mechanical Ventilator. Respiratory Times. 1987; 2(9):5.
  36. Kacmarek RM, Spearman C. The Ohmeda CPU–1 Mechanical Ventilator. Respiratory Times. 1987; 2(10):5.
  37. Kacmarek RM, Spearman C. The Puritan–Bennett 7200/7200A Mechanical Ventilator. Respiratory Times. 1988; 3(3):7.
  38. Kacmarek RM, Spearman C. The Hamilton Veolar Mechanical Ventilator. Respiratory Times. 1988; 3(5):8.
  39. Pierson DJ, Kacmarek RM. Positive End–Expiratory Pressure – State of the Art After Twenty Years (Editorial). Respiratory Care. 1988; 33:419.
  40. Kacmarek RM, Petty TL. Historical Development of Positive End–Expiratory Pressure (PEEP). Respiratory Care. 1988; 33:422.
  41. Kacmarek RM. Inspiratory Pressure Support: Does it Make a Clinical Difference? (Editorial). Intensive Care Medicine, 1989; 15:337–339.
  42. Kacmarek RM. In Response to: Should We Use Pressure Support? Respiratory Care. 1989; 34:136.
  43. Kacmarek RM. Methods for Oxygen Delivery in the Hospital. In: Christopher KL (editor). The Current Status of Oxygen Therapy, Problems in Respiratory Care Series. J.B. Lippincott Co., 1990; 3:563–574.
  44. Kacmarek RM, Dierson D. Conference Report World Congress on Home Care. Respiratory Care, 1990; 35:29–36.
  45. Kacmarek RM. Interactions Between Patients & Mechanical Ventil– ators. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 1990; 3:228–234.
  46. Kacmarek RM. Noninvasive Monitoring of Respiratory Function Outside the Hospital. Respiratory Care, 1990; 35:719–727.
  47. Kacmarek RM. Conference Summary – Noninvasive Monitoring in Respiratory Care. Respiratory Care, 1990; 35:740–746.
  48. Kacmarek RM, Meklaus G. The New Generation of Mechanical Ventilators. In: Tobin MJ (editor). Mechanical Ventilation as Part of the Critical Care Clinics Series. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA., 1990; 6:551–578.
  49. Kacmarek RM, Meklaus G. Microprocessor Controlled Mechanical Ventilators. In: Banner MJ (editor). Positive Pressure Ventilation as Part of the Problems in Critical Care Series. J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA., 1990; 4:161–183.
  50. Kacmarek RM, Hess D. Pressure–Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation: Panacea or Auto–PEEP? (Editorial). Respiratory Care, 1990; 35:945–948.
  51. Stoller JK, Kacmarek, RM. Ventilatory Strategies in Management of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Clinics of Chest Medicine, 1990; 11:755–772.
  52. Kacmarek RM. Ribavirin and Pentamidine Aerosols: Caregiver Beware! (Editorial). Respiratory Care 1990; 35:1034–1036.
  53. Kacmarek RM, Shimada Y, Ohmura A, Takezawa J, Tokioka A, Kimura T, Nishimura M. The Second Nagoya Conference: Triggering and Optimizing Mechanical Ventilatory Assist. Respiratory Care, 1991; 36:45–52.
  54. Shimada Y, Kacmarek RM, Ohmura A, Takezawa J, Tokioka A, Nishimura M, Kimura T. Work of breathing can be a parameter for mechanical ventilatory support. Jinko Kokyo 1991; 8:31–59.
  55. Kacmarek RM, Hess D. The Patient–Aerosol Generator Interface. Respiratory Care 1991; 36:952–976.
  56. Kacmarek RM. Caregiver Protection From Exposure to Aerosolized Pharmacologic Agents: Is it necessary? (Editorial) Chest 1991; 100:1104–1105.
  57. Mang H, Kacmarek R. Prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery (Letter). Lancet 1991; 338:312–313.
  58. Kacmarek RM. Technical Aspects of Patient–Ventilator Interactions. Proceedings of the 4th Erlangen International Anesthesiology Symposium. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, 1992; 272–277.
  59. Wilson RS, Kacmarek RM. Airway Management and Mechanical Ventilation During Acute Respiratory Failure. In: Zapol WM, Kacmarek RM. Respiratory Care Practitioner: Carpe Diem. Respiratory Care 1992; 37:523–532.
  60. Kacmarek RM. Respiratory Care Practitioner: Carpe Diem. Respiratory Care 1992; 37:523–532.
  61. Kacmarek RM. The Role of the Respiratory Therapist in Emergency Care. Respiratory Care 1992; 37:523–53.
  62. Kacmarek RM. Essential gas delivery features of mechanical ventilators. Respiratory Care 1992; 37:1045–1056.
  63. Kacmarek RM, VazFragoso CA. Aerosol Therapy. In: Pulmonary Rehabilitation, edited by Hodgkin JE, Bell CW, Connors G, 1993; 200–214.
  64. Pierson DJ, Kacmarek RM. Home Ventilator Care. In: Casaburi R, Pety TL (eds). Principles and Practice of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders, 1993; 274–289.
  65. Kacmarek RM. Newest Generation of Mechanical Ventilators: Improving Patient–Ventilator Interface. Seminars in Respiratory Medicine. 1993; 14:251–261.
  66. Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Techniques and devices for monitoring oxygenation. Respiratory Care 1993; 38:646–671.
  67. ACCP Subcommittee Consensus Statement on Mechanical Ventilation. Chest 1993;104:1833–1859.
  68. Kacmarek RM, Hickling KC. Permissive Hypercapnia. Respiratory Care 1993; 38: 373–387.
  69. Nishimura M, Kacmarek RM. Inhaled nitric oxide in the management of acute respiratory failure. Japanese Intensive Care Medicine Journal. 1993;5:1041–1051.
  70. Kacmarek RM. Systemic modification of ventilatory support. In Barnes T. (Ed). Respiratory Care Practice. Mosby–Yearbook Medical Pub, 2nd edition 1994; 782–814.
  71. Kacmarek RM, Hess D. Equipment Required for Home Mechanical Ventilation. In: Tobin M. (ed). Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. McGraw Hill 1994; 111–154.
  72. Hess, D, Kacmarek RM. Technical aspects of patient/ventilator system interface. In Tobin M. (ed), Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. McGraw Hill. 1994; 1039–1066.
  73. Kacmarek RM. New Modes of Mechanical Ventilation. Pulmonary and Critical Care Update: ACCP 1994 Volume 9, Lesson 22.
  74. Kacmarek RM, Hess D. Basic principles of ventilatory machinery. In: Tobin MJ (ed.) Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. McGraw Hill. New York, 1995; 65–110.
  75. Kacmarek RM. Home mechanical ventilatory equipment. In Branson RD, Hess D, Chatburn RL (eds) Respiratory Care Equipment. JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1995; 425–457.
  76. Kacmarek RM. Oxygen delivery systems for long–term oxygen therapy. In O?Donohue WJ, (ed) Long–term oxygen therapy: Scientific Basis and Clinical Application. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1995; 219–234.
  77. Kacmarek RM. Volume vs. Pressure–Controlled Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure. In: Rugheimer E. (ed). Proceedings of the 6th Erlangen Anesthesia Symposium: Respiratory Therapy Following Surgical Procedures. Springer Verlag. 1995; 137–149.
  78. Kacmarek RM, Stoller JK. Principles of Respiratory Care in the ICU: O2 therapy, Bronchodilators, Humidifiers and Suctioning. In Ayres SM, Grenvik A, Holbrook PR, Shoemaker WC, (Editors) Textbook of Critical Care (3rd ed) W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1995; 688–698.
  79. Kacmarek RM. Optimization of Ventilator Settings During Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation. In: Net A, Benito S. (eds). Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation. Springer Verlag Iberica. 1995.
  80. Kacmarek RM. Equipment and Technique Comparison Between ICU and Home Care. In: Robert D, Make B,. (ed.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Home Mechanical Ventilation. 1996.
  81. Head CA, Kacmarek RM, Wain J. Nitric oxide and lung transplantation. In Zapol, WM Clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide. Marcel Dekker, New York 1996.
  82. Kacmarek RM. Conference Summary – Mechanical Ventilation: ventilatory techniques, pharmacology, and patient management strategies. Respiratory Care 1996; 41:466–472.
  83. Drinkwine J, Kacmarek RM. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: equipment and techniques. Respiratory Care Clinics 1996; 2:183–194.
  84. Hess D, Kacmarek RM, Ritz R, Bigatello LM, Hurford WE. Inhaled nitric oxide delivery systems: a role for respiratory therapists. Editorial Respiratory Care 1995; 40:702–705.
  85. Kacmarek RM. Inverse ratio ventilation in the critically ill. Current Opinions in Critical Care 1997; 3:78–84.
  86. Kacmarek RM. Performance characteristics of portable ventilators used for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Respiratory Care 1997; 42:380–388.
  87. Kacmarek RM. Alarms. In Tobin MJ (ed) Principles and Practice of Intensive Care Monitoring. McGraw Hill Publishers New York, 1998.
  88. Shapiro R, Kacmarek RM. Monitoring during mechanical ventilation. In Marini JJ, Slutsky AS (eds). Physiological Basis of Ventilatory Support. Marcel Dekker Inc. New Your, 1998.
  89. Kacmarek RM. Update on the use of nitric oxide. Can Respir J 1996;3:260–264.
  90. Kacmarek RM. Current status of new modes of mechanical ventilation. Can Respir J 1996; 3:265–268.
  91. Kacmarek RM. The mechanical Ventilator. In Net A (ed) Text Book of Mechanical Ventilation. 3rd ed. Springer Verbag, Madrid. 1998.
  92. Kacmarek RM. Use of inhaled nitric oxide with airway disease. In Hess d, Hurford W (eds). Inhaled Nitric Oxide. Respiratory Clinics of North America. 1991; 4:551–569.
  93. Kacmarek RM. Protocolized weaning from mechanical ventilation. Current Opinions in Critical Care. 1998; 4:59–64.
  94. Kacmarek RM. Postoperative ventilatory support. In Youngberg JA, Lake LL, Roizen MF, Tinker JH and Wilson RS. Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Anesthesia. Churchill Livingstone Pub. (In press.)
  95. Chiche JD, Brunet F, Lamy M, Kacmarek RM. Letter to the editor. New Engl J Med 1998; 338:1826–1827.
  96. Kacmarek RM, Chiche JD. Lung protective ventilatory strategies for ARDS–the data are convincing. Respiratory Care 1998; 43:724–727.
  97. Kacmarek RM. Home mechanical ventilation equipment. In Branson RD, Hess DR, Chatburn RL (eds). Respiratory Care Equipment. Lippincott Pub Co, New York 1998.
  98. Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Noninvasive ventilation. In Branson RD, Hess DR, Chatburn RL (eds). Respiratory Care Equipment. Lippincott Pub Co, New York 1998.
  99. Kacmarek RM. Controlled Mechanical Ventilation. In the 4th edition of the Textbook of Critical Care Medicine. Sanders Pub Co (In press.)
  100. Kacmarek RM. Innovations in mechanical ventilation. Current Opinions in Critical Care. 1999; 5:43–51
  101. Kacmarek RM. Newer ventilatory strategies. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 1999; 12:133–142.
  102. Kacmarek RM. Ventilator induced lung injury. International Anesthesiology Clinics 1999; 37:47–64.
  103. Siraman R, Raoof S, Raju L, Chowdhrey N, Kacmarek RM, Khan Farogue. Treatment of COPD. Emergency Medicine 1999; page 78–89.
  104. Kacmarek RM. PEEP in ARDS. Harrison's On–Line 1999; June.
  105. Kacmarek RM. High frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation: Is one superior? (Editorial) European Respiratory Journal 1999; 14:733–734.
  106. Kacmarek RM. NIPPV: patient–ventilator synchrony, the difference between success and failure. Intensive Care Medicine 1999; 25:645–647.
  107. Kacmarek RM. Which developments in mechanical ventilation will outlast the next decade? Chest Lessons 2000; 14:1–12.
  108. Kacmarek R. Delivery systems for long term oxygen therapy. Respiratory Care 2000; 45:84–94.
  109. Kacmarek RM. Central oxygen delivery systems: a disaster waiting to happen. Respiratory Care 2000; 45:84–94.
  110. Kacmarek RM, Schwartz DR. Aerosol therapy. In Hodgkins JE (ed) Pulmonary rehabilitation: guidelines to success. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkens, Philadelphia 2000.
  111. Kacmarek RM. Complications of tracheal gas insufflation. Respiratory Care 2001; 46:167–177.
  112. Schwartz RD, Kacmarek RM. Prone Ventilation. Up to date in pulmonary and critical care. American Thoracic Society 2000; 9:No:1.
  113. Kacmarek RM. Strategies to optimize alveolar recruitment. Current opinions in Critical Care 2001; 7:15–20.
  114. Kacmarek RM. Partial liquid ventilation: Is there a niche? Editorial, Intensive Care Medicine 2001; 27:1–2.
  115. Kacmarek RM, Schwartz DR. Lung recruitment. Respiratory Care Clinics of North America 2000; 6:597–623.
  116. Kacmarek RM. New ventilator options for long term mechanical ventilation in the home. In Hill NS (ed) Long Term Mechanical Ventilation. Marcel Dekker Baltimore (In Press).
  117. Hill N, Kacmarek RM. Ventilators for use during NIPPV. In Muir JF, Simonds A, Ambrosino N (eds) Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation (In Press).
  118. Kacmarek RM. Combined therapies. Respiratory Care Clinics of North America (In Press).
  119. Kacmarek RM. Partial liquid ventilation. Canada Journal of Anesthesia (In Press).
  120. Kacmarek RM. Liquid ventilation. Respiratory Care Clinics of North America (In Press).
  121. Malhotra A, Ayas N, Kacmarek RM. Prone, positioning. Letter to the Editor. New England Journal of Medicine (In Press).
  122. Kacmarek RM. High frequency ventilation is not necessary in a state of the art ICU. Pro/Con Debate. Critical Care (In Press).
  123. Kacmarek RM. A workable alternative to the problems with tracheal gas insufflation? (Editorial). Intensive Care Medicine (In Press).

Books and Monographs:

  1. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S, Mack C. Essentials of Respiratory Therapy. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1979.
  2. Assman D, Hixon S, Kacmarek RM. Clinical Simulations for Respiratory Care Practitioners. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1979.
  3. Kacmarek RM, Dimas S, Mack C. Study Guide: Essentials of Respiratory Therapy. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1982.
  4. Kacmarek RM, Hixon S, Assman D. Clinical Simulations for Respiratory Care Practitioners, Volume II. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1985.
  5. Kacmarek RM, Mack C, Dimas S. Essentials of Respiratory Therapy, 2nd ed. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1985.
  6. Shapiro BA, Harrison RA, Kacmarek RM, Cane RA. Clinical Application of Respiratory Care, 3rd ed. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1985.
  7. Kacmarek RM, Stoller JA. Current Respiratory Care Techniques and Therapy. B.C. Decker Inc., Toronto, 1988.
  8. Kacmarek RM, Mack C, Dimas S. Essentials of Respiratory Care, 3rd ed. YearBook Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1990.
  9. Shapiro BA, Kacmarek RM, Cane RA, Peruzzi WT, Hauptman D. Clinical Application of Respiratory Care, 4th ed. YearBook Medical Publishers Inc., Chicago, 1990.
  10. Pierson DJ, Kacmarek RM (eds). Foundations in Respiratory Care. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1992
  11. Kacmarek RM, Hess D, Stoller J. Monitoring in Respiratory Care. Mosby YearBook Medical Publishers. Chicago 1993.
  12. Hess D, Kacmarek RM. Principles of Mechanical Ventilation. McGraw Hill Pub. New York 1996.

 
 
 

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