Which babies are most likely to have a structural abnormality?
Most structural abnormalities seem to occur at random in women
who have no particular risk factors. However, some women -- such as those
with poorly controlled diabetes, a family history of a structural abnormality,
and certain kinds of twins -- are at increased risk.
How can I determine if my baby has a structural abnormality?
Ultrasound is the mainstay of diagnosis of structural abnormalities.
Most patients are offered an ultrasound after 16 weeks; this is often referred
to a structural survey. In addition, all women are offered a blood test that
measures alpha fetoprotein (AFP), which screens for certain structural abnormalities
such as spina bifida (unless they choose ERA, see below).
What kinds of abnormalities can be detected by ultrasound?
There are many. A few examples include:
Are there birth defects that cannot be detected by ultrasound?
Yes, unfortunately, there are a great many. Some can never be
detected by ultrasound, others can only be detected some of the time. There
are relatively few birth defects that can be reliably detected by ultrasound.
What can be done if my baby is found to have a birth
defect?
The pregnancy is often managed differently: Follow-up ultrasounds
are often obtained, and sometimes a fetal MRI provides additional information.
An elective delivery may be advised, either by induction of labor or by cesarean
section. Some birth defects require surgery or other special treatment soon
after delivery, and in these cases the delivery should be in a hospital that
can provide those services. In very rare cases, an attempt can be made to
try to correct the problem prior to birth.
Plans can be made to help the prospective parents care for the
child after birth. It is useful to meet with pediatricians and other specialists
who will participate in the care of the child. Some prospective parents want
the opportunity to meet with other parents who had similar experiences.
Pregnancy termination can be an option. |
