Sokol Laboratory: Caroline Sokol, MD, PhD

Overview

The Sokol Laboratory studies how sensory neurons and immune cells communicate to control the initiation and amplification of allergic immune responses.

Neuroimmune Control of Allergy

The Sokol lab investigates the neuroimmune circuits that underlie allergic diseases, with a particular focus on how sensory neurons detect environmental allergens and coordinate immune responses. We have identified novel mechanisms by which neurons recognize allergens based on their enzymatic activity, how innate immune cells promote neuronal allergen detection, and how cytokine signaling shapes neuronal responsiveness. Through an integrated approach that combines immunology, neuroscience, and genetics, and always with an eye on the clinical manifestations of allergic disease, we aim to uncover how neuroimmune communication drives allergy and other inflammatory diseases throughout the body.

Research Projects

1. γδ T Cell–Neuron Crosstalk in Allergen Sensing

We recently identified a subset of skin-resident γδ T cells (GD3 cells) that homeostatically produce IL-3, which primes peripheral sensory neurons to respond to protease allergens. We are investigating the microbial and environmental triggers that activate GD3 cells and promote allergic sensitization.

2. Neuroimmune Pathways Driving Polysensitization

Polysensitization, the state of being sensitized to multiple allergens, is a common characteristic of chronic allergic disease. We are exploring how repeated allergen exposure enhances neuronal responsiveness and promotes allergen cross-sensitization through neuroimmune training. 

3. Genetic Regulation of Allergen-Induced Neuropeptide Release

Many genetic risk variants are associated with allergic diseases, yet the mechanism by which they influence disease remain poorly understood. We are using molecular and genetic approaches to test whether these variants alter neuroimmune signaling in response to allergens.

Lab Members

Caroline Sokol, MD, PhD Principal Investigator, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Assistant Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

Postdoctoral Fellows

Cai Han, PhD
Xueping Zhu, PhD

Students

Elena Christian
Xinyi Feng
Peri Matatia
Sarah Zaghouani

Technician

Dean Buttaci

Publications

View Dr. Sokol's publications