What is contact dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis is a reaction that happens after your skin comes in direct contact with certain substances. The substances may be:

• Irritants. These cause direct skin irritation and inflammation. They are the most common cause of contact dermatitis.

• Allergens. These cause the body's immune system to have an allergic reaction. The body releases defense chemicals that cause skin symptoms. The reaction may not start until 24 to 48 hours after exposure. Allergens are a less common cause of contact dermatitis.

Contact dermatitis most often affects adults. But it can affect people of all ages.

What causes contact dermatitis?

What are the symptoms of contact dermatitis?

Each person's symptoms by be different. Some of the most common symptoms include:

• Mild redness and swelling of the skin

• Blistering of the skin

• Itching or burning of the skin

• Scaly, thickened skin

Many of these symptoms may be caused by other skin conditions. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is contact dermatitis diagnosed?

Diagnosis is often based on a health history and physical exam. Patch testing can be done to find the substance that's causing the rash. A skin biopsy may also be done. 

How is contact dermatitis treated?

Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.

The best treatment is to find and stay away from the substances that may have caused the reaction. Here is some common treatment advice for mild to moderate reactions:

• Thoroughly wash the skin with soap and water as soon after the exposure as possible.

• Wash clothing and all objects that touched plant resins (such as poison ivy) to prevent re-exposure.

• Use wet, cold compresses to soothe inflammation if blisters are broken.

• Use barrier creams to block certain substances if there is a chance of re-exposure in the future.

• Use medicines advised by your healthcare provider to ease itching. You may need to put the medicine on your skin or take the medicine by mouth (oral).

  • Steroid creams or newer immunomodulator creams are used topically to ease itching.

  • Oral or injected steroids and oral antihistamines are used to control the itching and rash.

• Avoid scratching the rash to prevent scarring or a bacterial infection.

• For severe reactions, always contact your healthcare provider.

If the reaction is significant and the substance that caused it can't be found, a series of patch tests may be done to help figure out the irritant.

Can contact dermatitis be prevented?

The only way to prevent contact dermatitis is to prevent contact with the irritant that causes it.

Key points about contact dermatitis

• Contact dermatitis is a reaction that happens after skin comes in contact with certain substances.

• Skin irritants cause most contact dermatitis reactions.

• Allergens such as poison ivy can also cause this condition.

• It's important to find the cause so you can stay away from that substance.

• Topical and oral medicines may be advised by your healthcare provider to ease itching.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.

• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.

• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.

• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.

• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.

• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.

• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.

• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.

• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.

• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions or need help in an emergency.