One of Dr. Cetrulo’s primary goals is to develop a protocol for tolerance of hand and face transplantation to eliminate the need for immunosuppression. Transplant tolerance has been achieved in kidney, lung, combined heart-kidney transplantation in large animal research at the Center for Transplantation Sciences (CTS) at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), where he is currently a Senior Investigator and Head of the Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory. This tolerance protocol has been successfully translated to kidney transplant patients in the Transplant Unit at MGH. Dr. Cetrulo intends to modify this protocol to apply it to VCA. As a reconstructive plastic surgery attending at the MGH, he is also in an ideal situation to see this research translated directly from bench to bedside.