Cardiothoracic Surgery Residency Program
Cardiothoracic Surgery Residency Program
Jennifer Manu, Residency Program Coordinator
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street, Cox 630
Boston,
MA
02114
Phone: 617-726-2107
Email: JMANU@PARTNERS.ORG
Explore This Residency
Overview
The goal of the Cardiothoracic Residency Program at Massachusetts General Hospital is to prepare our trainees for independent practice in cardiothoracic surgery at the completion of the program, without the need for them to acquire postgraduate fellowship training. Separate cardiac and thoracic tracks have been established within the program to allow for subspecialty emphasis in contemporary aspects of the field. Both conventional and 4+3 pathways are available.
Mass General has a long tradition of excellence in cardiothoracic surgery. Some highlights include:
- 11 graduates have served as presidents of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) and seven have been presidents of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)
- Edward D. Churchill and W. Gerald Austen led the Department of Surgery for 60 years
- 109 cardiothoracic surgeons have graduated from the program to date
- 22 surgeons have become either chiefs of their divisions or chiefs of surgery
- Two graduates have become CEOs of health care organizations
- One graduate has become a majority leader in the United States Senate
Cardiac and Thoracic as Separate Teaching Units
One of the strengths of our program is the caliber of training offered in both general thoracic surgery and cardiac surgery. From the inception of sub-specialization within the Mass General Department of Surgery into divisions, cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery have stood as units with distinct faculty and development opportunities, and are both among the top units in their respective subspecialty.
While residents enter the training program defined by their track, all receive adequate exposure to the sister specialty and benefit from the caliber of those units. Each division is supported by separate nursing units and occupies separate operating room space. At any given time, residents are assigned to one or the other service rather than both, affording them the ability to focus their attention in that area of specialty during the rotation. However, didactic conferences are held jointly, supporting the sense of a unified residency program.
Thoralf Sundt, III, MD, is the chief of Division of Cardiac Surgery and the director of the Cardiothoracic Residency Program.
Yolonda Colson, MD, PhD is the chief of Division of Thoracic Surgery.
Residency Exposure
In cardiac surgery, residents become experienced in several areas, including:
- Aortic surgery—complex aortic root surgery, such as valve sparing root, and hybrid approaches to complex disease, in collaboration with vascular surgery
- Adult congenital heart disease
- Arrhythmia surgery
- Complex valve surgery—minimally invasive approaches, valve repair and associated arrhythmia surgery
- Contemporary approaches to the treatment of coronary artery disease occluding complex arterial grafting
- Heart and lung transplantation
- Minimally invasive procedures
- Off-pump coronary artery bypass (CABG)
- Surgical treatment of end-stage disease—mechanical circulatory support, heart transplantation and lung transplantation
In thoracic surgery, residents experience the full gamut, including:
- Complex airway reconstruction
- Complex esophageal procedures
- Minimally invasive surgery
- Pulmonary surgery
- Robotic surgery
Curriculum
A schedule emphasizing cardiac surgical training may include first-year rotations in cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery and at Boston Children's Hospital, followed by successive six-month rotations as chief in cardiac and thoracic surgery at Mass General and then at Boston Children's Hospital.
In a schedule where thoracic surgery is the main emphasis, the resident may substitute additional time on the thoracic service during the first year and a half at Mass General (or possibly another institution) and conclude with six months as cardiac chief resident and six months as thoracic chief resident.
Two one-month blocks of vacation are permitted to each resident during training.
Diversity of Clinical Experience
Thoracic Surgery Case Mix
Cardiac Surgery Case Mix
Data source: Cardiac/Thoracic Surgery STS Data Nurses
Cardiothoracic Education Schedule
| Conference | Day | Time | Place | Audience |
| Multidisciplinary Care of the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patient Ami Bhatt, MD Duke Cameron, MD |
Every Monday | 12:00-1:00 pm | Yawkey 4-810 conference room |
CT attendings and residents |
| Valve Meeting Jonathan Passeri, MD |
Every Monday | 7:30-8:30 am | Zoom | Heart Center and CT residents |
| Joint Cath/Cardiac Surgery Conference | First Tuesday of the month |
7:30-8:30 am | Haber conference room | Open to all |
| Cardiology Grand Rounds | Every Wednesday | 12:30-1:30 pm | O'Keefe Auditorium | Open to all |
| ECMO M&M | Third Wednesday of the month |
7:00-8:00 am | Buckley conference room | ECMO team |
| TAC Rounds Arminder Jassar, MBBS Duke Cameron, MD |
First Thursday of the month |
7:45-8:30 am | Bigelow Amphitheater | Open to all |
| Cardiac M&M George Tolis, MD |
Fourth Tuesday of the month |
8:30-9:30 am | Buckley conference room | Cardiac surgical services |
| Thoracic M&M Sheila Knoll, RN |
Third Thursday of the month |
8:30-9:30 am | Austen 7 conference room |
Thoracic surgical services |
| Surgical Grand Rounds | Every Thursday | 8:30-9:30 am | Bigelow Amphitheater | Open to all |
| Thoracic Surgery Didactic | Every Thursday | 7:00-7:45 am | Buckley conference room | CT residents and thoracic faculty |
| Cardiac Surgery Didactic | Every Thursday | 7:45-8:30 am | Buckley conference room | CT residents and cardiac faculty |
| MTOC Conference | Every Friday | 7:00-8:00 am | Yawkey 2-210 | Open to all |
Didactics
Our didactic offerings include:
- Adult congenital
- Echocardiography
- Esophageal perforation
- Paraesophageal hernia
- Principles of cardiopulmonary bypass
- Stage one lung cancer
Thoracic Track
Thoracic residents receive a rich clinical experience at Mass General. With an extraordinarily busy clinical service, the thoracic team provides a high volume of pulmonary, esophageal (both benign and malignant), mediastinal and tracheal procedures. The clinical and operative experience offers a referral base for complex procedures.
Residents are exposed to an array of clinical experience, and case-based learning is emphasized. We believe this is truly the best way for residents to learn. Didactic conferences are held weekly for residents to gain more exposure to thoracic surgery.
The Mass General Division of Thoracic Surgery includes:
- 14 attending surgeons
- Four nurse practitioners
- Four physician assistants
- Data manager
- Program coordinator
- Research nurses
The goal of the program is to train thoracic residents in the full breadth of thoracic surgery including endoscopy, open and minimally invasive surgery and airway surgery.
On the thoracic track, there is a robust practice in the complete spectrum of conditions such that trainees receive a solid foundation in all conditions they are likely to see in their careers, such as:
- Benign esophageal conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal diverticulum
- Esophageal cancer
- Lung cancer
- Robotic surgery
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
- Thymic tumors and disorders
- Tracheal stenosis
- Tracheobronchial diseases
Rotation Schedule
The general thoracic track residents typically spend 16 months on general thoracic surgery rotations. Residents are encouraged to spend time at other thoracic programs, such as Mayo Clinic or Memorial Sloan Kettering, and this includes two three-month away rotations.
Year One
Rotation
- General Thoracic Surgery at Mass General—six months
- Cardiac Surgery at Mass General—four months
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery at Boston Children's Hospital—one month
Year Two
Rotation
- Elective Away Rotations—General Thoracic Surgery (choose from 2 institutions):—six months per institution
- Mayo Clinic
- Memorial Sloan Kettering
- University of Pittsburgh
- Toronto General Hospital
- Cardiac Surgery at Mass General—six months
Year Three
Rotation
- General Thoracic Surgery at Mass General—six months
Cardiac Track
The Mass General cardiac surgery team performs a large number of cardiac surgical procedures. Residents within the cardiac track receive a rich clinical experience at Mass General and they will easily attain their required categorical cases. Additionally, they will gain broad exposure to the entire spectrum of complex cardiac surgery.
The Mass General Division of Cardiac Surgery includes:
- Eight attending surgeons
- Five-seven cardiac residents
- Two general surgery residents
- 12-15 physician assistants
- Five nurse practitioners
- Data managers
- Program coordinator
- Research nurses
From an operational standpoint, the cardiac surgery program at Mass General is based on the philosophy of a unified team, bolstered by a longstanding collaborative relationship with the Mass General Division of Cardiology.
The goal of the cardiac track residency program is to offer training on the full breadth of cardiac surgery. Trainees on the cardiac track spend sufficient time on the general thoracic service. By getting experience in both clinical areas, trainees can exceed their case requirements in all areas.
On the cardiac service, there is a robust practice in the complete spectrum of conditions such that trainees receive a solid foundation in all conditions they are likely to see in their careers, such as:
- Adult congenital heart disease
- Aortic surgery
- Coronary artery surgery
- Heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support, assisting with device implantation
- Thoracic organ transplantation
- Heart valve disease
- Lung transplantation and ECMO
- Pulmonary hypertension
Rotation Schedule
In addition, residents rotate in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and receive training in echocardiography and catheter-based interventions for structural heart disease. They also receive exposure to the Heart Center Intensive Care Unit (ICU), caring for both medical and surgical cardiac patients and staffed by a multidisciplinary group of boarded intensivists. This rotation complements the residents’ work in Mass General’s 18-bed cardiac surgical unit.
Year One
Rotation
- Cardiac Surgery at Mass General—six months
- General Thoracic Surgery at Mass General—five months
Year Two
Rotation
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery at Boston Children's Hospital—three or six months
- Cardiac Surgery at Mass General—three months
- General Thoracic Surgery at Mass General—two months
Year Three
Rotation
- Cardiac Surgery at Mass General—six months
Research
Faculty in cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery are active participants in research and publications, helping to advance science and health care.
Cardiac Surgery Research
All surgeons in the cardiac surgery at Mass General participate in clinical research. We are leading in research in cardiac surgery, including:
- Joren C. Madsen, MD, DPhil, is leading the basic and translational research in transplantation immunology. He co-directs the Center for Transplantation Sciences (CTS) and the mission is to improve the survival and lives of recipients with organ, tissue and cell transplants
- Richard Pierson, MD, scientific director, CTS
Thoracic Surgery Research
Similarly, all surgeons within the thoracic surgery division at Mass General participate in active clinical research, typically within their field of interest. Research papers are presented at national meetings by residents and fellows. Mass General is an active participant and a leader in the development of the General Thoracic Database in the STS under the leadership of Cameron Wright, MD.
We are leading in research and have the current research labs:
- James Allan, MD, senior investigator, co-head, Cardiothoracic Transplantation Laboratory (CTS)
- Michael Lanuti, MD, thoracic oncology
- Harald Ott, MD, and organ regeneration laboratory
- Uma Sachdeva, MD, PhD, esophageal cancer research
- Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, MD, clinical trials and outcomes research
Our Publications
The cardiothoracic surgery group is leading health care with innovative research. Below are some recent publications from our residents:
- Axtell AL, Bhambhani V, Moonsamy P, et al. Surgery Does Not Improve Survival in Patients With Isolated Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(6):715-725. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.028
- Bloom JP, Moonsamy P, Mainthia RG, O’Malley C, Cameron DE, Jassar AS, Melnitchouk SI, Tolis G, Villavicencio MA, Vlahakes GJ, Burkhardt C, Dunn P, Sundt TM, D’Alessandro DA. Impact of Staff Turnover during Cardiac Surgical Procedures. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Nov 30
- Costantino CL, Geller AD, Visenio MR, Morse CR, Rattner DW. Outcomes of Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy for Achalasia: 22-Year Experience. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020 Apr 16. doi: 10.1007/s11605-020-04586-7. Epub ahead of print. PMID:32300963.
- Moonsamy P, Axtell AL, Ibrahim N, Funamoto M, Tolis G, Lewis GD, D’Alessandro DA, Villavicencio MA. Post-Transplant Survival in Heart Transplant Patients Bridged with Temporary Circulatory Support Devices. J Am Coll Cardiol. In press.
- Osho AA, Bishawi MM, Heng EE, Orubu E, Amardey-Wellington A, Villavicencio MA, Funamoto M. Failure to rescue in the era of the lung allocation score: The impact of center volume. Am J Surg. 2020 Jan 18;. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.01.020. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31982094.
- Predina JD, Newton AD, Corbett C, Shin M, Sulfyok LF, Okusanya OT, Delikatny EJ, Nie S, Gaughan C, Jarrar D, Pechet T, Kucharczuk JC, Singhal S. Near-infrared intraoperative imaging for minimally invasive pulmonary metastasectomy for sarcomas. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 May;157(5):2061-2069
- Tapias LF, Wright CD, Lanuti M, Muniappan A, Deschler D, Mathisen DJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the prevention and management of tracheal and oesophageal anastomotic complications. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020 (In Press).
- Trahanas, J. M., Kwolek, C. J., & Tolis, G. (2019). Open Tacking of a Migrated Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Graft. Annals of vascular surgery.
How to Apply
We will accept applications from resident physicians who have/will have successfully completed a five-year Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited general surgery residency program in the United States or Canada. We do not directly accept or process applications for this residency. You must apply through the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS).
Our deadline for July 1, 2022 residency start date is February 1, 2021. Please note we are only accepting cardiac track applicants. The date for our spring 2021 interview season is Saturday, March 6, 2021.
Step 1
To apply to the program, visit the ERAS website.
All applications for our cardiothoracic surgery residency program must be submitted through ERAS. Programs participating in ERAS may only accept those application materials sent electronically through ERAS. We will not accept any additional supporting documents by mail.
Step 2
Applicants must register with the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). To register, visit the NRMP website. Please refer to NRMP for information on registration procedures and deadlines.
Step 3
If you are considered for a position, you will be asked to visit Mass General for an interview with the program director and cardiothoracic faculty.
Program Faculty
Each unit, thoracic and cardiac, is taught by individuals completely dedicated to the field.
Program Director
Chief, Division of Cardiac Surgery
Associate Program Director
Division of Thoracic Surgery
Cardiothoracic Residency Program Coordinator
Meet the Cardiac Surgery Team
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- Cardiac Surgery
- Department of Surgery
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- Surgical Director, Heart Transplantation and Ventricular Assist Devices
- Member of Faculty, Harvard Medical School
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- Cardiac Surgeon
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- Assistant Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School
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- Director, MGH Transplant Center
- Co-Director, Center for Transplantation Sciences
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- Cardiac Surgeon
- Co-Director, Heart Valve Program
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- Cardiac Surgery
- Department of Surgery
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- Surgical Director, Coronary Artery Bypass Program
- Quality Director, Division of Cardiac Surgery
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
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- Vice President, Center for Quality and Safety
Meet the Thoracic Surgery Team
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- Thoracic Surgery
- Department of Surgery
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- Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Hermes C. Grillo Professor of Surgery
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- Director of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Program, Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Consultant for New England Patriots, Boston Bruins and Boston Red Sox
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- Chief, Thoracic Surgery at Newton-Wellesley Hospital
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- Director, Thoracic Oncology, Division of Thoracic Surgery
- Associate Professor Harvard Medical School
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- Co-Director Gastroesophageal Surgery Program
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- Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School
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- Thoracic Surgery
- Department of Surgery
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- Thoracic Surgery
- Department of Surgery
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- Director of Robotic Thoracic Surgery MGH Network
- Program Director of Robotic Surgical Education
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- Visiting Surgeon, MGH
- Mathisen Family Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School
- Director of Quality in Surgery, MGH
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- Thoracic Surgeon | Surgical Oncologist | Minimally Invasive Surgeon
PDF Resources
Photos of Residents & Faculty
Photos from 2019 Graduation/Grand Rounds
Our Residents
PGY8
Andrew Baldwin, MD
Track: Cardiac
John Trahanas, MD
Track: Cardiac
Luis Tapias, MD
Track: Thoracic
PGY7
Jordan Bloom, MD
Track: Cardiac
Asishana Osho, MD
Track: Cardiac
Michael Onwugbufor, MD
Track: Thoracic
PGY6
Paul Furlow, MD
Track: Thoracic
Jarrod Predina, MD
Track: Thoracic
Ali Rabi, MD
Track: Cardiac
Brittany Potz, MD
Track: Cardiac
4/3—PGY5
Andrea Axtell, MD
Track: Thoracic
Antonia Kreso, MD
Track: Thoracic
4/3—PGY4
Travis Hull, MD
Track: Cardiac
Philicia Moonsamy, MD
Track: Thoracic
Christina Costantino, MD
Track: Thoracic
Meet our Alumni
Click to view our list of alumni
2019
- Lucia Madariaga
University of Chicago
General Thoracic - Uma Sachdeva
Mass General
General Thoracic - PJ Spencer
Westchester Medical Center
Cardiac
2018
- Amy Fiedler
University of Wisconsin
Cardiac - Leo Tapias
Baylor/Dallas
General Thoracic - Brett Broussard
Banner Health/AZ
General Thoracic
2017
- Hugh Auchincloss
Mass General
General Thoracic - Michael Kwon
Children’s Hospital
Congenital Fellowship - Eric Fein
Children’s Hospital
Congenital Fellowship
2016
- David Greenhouse
Emory, Children’s Healthcare
Congenital Fellowship - Natalie Lui
Stanford University
General Thoracic - Smita Sihag
Memorial Sloan Kettering
General Thoracic
2016
- David Greenhouse
Emory, Children’s Healthcare
Congenital Fellowship - Natalie Lui
Stanford University
General Thoracic - Smita Sihag
Memorial Sloan Kettering
General Thoracic
2015
- Joshua Goldberg
Westchester Medical Center
Cardiac - Paresh Mane
St. Peters Health Partners
General Thoracic - Matthew Fox
University of Louisville
General Thoracic
2014
- Tae Song
University of Chicago
Cardiac - Cameron Stock
UMass Memorial Hospital
General Thoracic - Tim Millington
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical
General Thoracic
2013
- Justin Blasberg
Yale New Haven Hospital
General Thoracic - Karl Limmer
Sharp Memorial Hospital
Private Practice - Harald Ott
Mass General
General Thoracic
2012
- Christopher Mutrie
Baptist Memorial Group
Private Practice - Eitan Podgaetz
University of Minnesota
General Thoracic - Salil Shah
Thomas Jefferson University
Cardiac
2011
- John Craig
Baptist Memorial Group
Private Practice - Daniel Raz
City of Hope Medical Center
General Thoracic - Samuel Kim
University of Arizona
General Thoracic
2010
- Pierre De Delva
University of Mississippi
General Thoracic
Chief - Vincent Daniel
Ohio State University
General Thoracic - Allen Cheng
University of Rochester
Fellowship
2009
- Joshua Baker
Missouri Baptist Medical Center
Cardiac
Private Practice - Ashok Muniappan
Mass General
General Thoracic - Nathaniel Evans
Thomas Jefferson University
General Thoracic
2008
- Michael Coello
Beaumont Hospital
General Thoracic
Private Practice - Moishe Liberman, chief
University of Montreal
General Thoracic - Ajit Kurien Tharakan, chief
University of Missouri
Cardiac
2007
- Nathan R. Bates
Orange Park Medical Center
Private Practice - Douglas J. Minnich
University of Alabama
General Thoracic - Robert E. Merritt, chief
Ohio State
General Thoracic
2006
- Scott Cowan
Thomas Jefferson University
General Thoracic - Steven Fiser
Richmond, Virginia
Cardiac
Private Practice - Christopher Morse
Mass General
General Thoracic
2005
- Modassir Choudhry
Passport Capital
Venture Capitalist - Glenn Egrie
University of California, San Francisco
Cardiac - Todd Weiser
White Plains, NY
Thoracic
Private Practice
2004
- Frederick Chen, chief
Tufts Medical Center
Cardiac - Francis Fynn-Thompson
Boston Children's Hospital
Congenital Cardiac - Robert Shen
Mayo Clinic
General Thoracic
2003
- James Caccitolo
University of Texas
Cardiothoracic - David Helma (retired)
Cardiac - Michael Lanuti
Mass General
General Thoracic
2002
- Zane Hammoud, chief
Henry Ford Hospital
General Thoracic - Edwin McGee
Loyola Medicine
Cardiac - Bassem Mora
University of Chicago
Congenital Cardiac
2001
- Simon Ashiku
Kaiser Permanente
Private Practice - Mark Blucher
St. John’s Mercy Medical Center
Private Practice - Michael Reed
Penn State University
General Thoracic
2000
- Jennifer Walker, chief
University of Massachusetts, Worcester
Cardiac
1999
- Ralph de la Torre, chief and CEO
Steward Healthcare - Arvind Agnihotri, chief
St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center
Cardiac
1998
- James Allan
Mass General
General Thoracic - Emile Bacha, chief
Columbia University
Congenital Cardiac - Frank Fazzalari
University of Michigan
Cardiac
1997
- Raymond Lee
Jacksonville, Florida
Private Practice - Thomas MacGillivray, chief
Baylor Methodist
Cardiac - Joseph Shrager, chief
Stanford University
General Thoracic
1996
- Dean Donahue
Mass General
General Thoracic - Chiwon Hahn
Richmond, Virginia
Private Practice - John Mitchell, chief
University of Colorado
General Thoracic
1995
- Ralph Bueno, chief
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
General Thoracic - Brian Duncan
Cleveland Clinic
Congenital
1994
- Gregory Hirsch, chief
University of Halifax
Cardiac - Mark Mostovych
Jacksonville, Florida
Private Practice
1993
- Derek Muehrcke
St. Augustine, Florida
Private Practice
1992
- Joren Madsen
Mass General
Cardiac Research - Robin Pierson
University of Maryland
Cardiac
1991
- Joseph Newton
Norfolk, Virginia
Private Practice - Douglas Wood, chief and Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) president
University of Washington
General Thoracic
1990
- Robert Zurcher
Columbia, South Carolina
Private Practice - Mark Allen, chief and STS president
Mayo Clinic
General Thoracic
1989
- David Torchiana
Mass General - Ralph Warren (In Memoriam)
1988
- John Wain, chief
St. Elizabeth’s Hospital
General Thoracic - Cameron Wright
Mass General
General Thoracic
1987
- Richard Heitmiller, chief
Union Hospital
General Thoracic - Leland Siwek
Spokane, Washington
Private Practice
1985
- Gus Vlahakes
Mass General
Cardiac - William Frist, senator
Nashville, Tennessee
Cardiac
1983
- Marshall Jacobs (retired)
Congenital Cardiac - Mark Katlic, chief
Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
General Thoracic
1982
- Eric Hanson
Sterling Heights, Michigan
Private Practice - Douglas Mathisen (retired)
Mass General
General Thoracic
1981
- Wayne Derkac (retired)
Norfolk, Virginia
Private Practice - Steven Guyton
Oregon Health & Science University
Cardiac
1980
- Mark Hochberg
New York University
Vice Chairman of Surgery for Education - William Coleman (retired)
Spokane, WA
Private Practice
1979
- Robert Guyton, chief and STS president
Emory University
Cardiac - Robert Thurer
Haemonetics Corporation
Medical Director, Blood Management Solution
1978
- James Kirklin, chief
University Alabama
Cardiac - Robert Lowe
Hartford, Connecticut
Private Practice
1977
- Bruce Lytle (retired chief)
Cleveland Clinic
Cardiac - Samuel Selinger (retired)
1976
- Frederick Levine (In Memoriam)
Cardiac
Private Practice - Alan Higenberg (In Memoriam)
1975
- Cary Akins (retired)
Mass General
Cardiac
1974
- Ronald Abel (In Memoriam)
Cardiac
1973
- Willis Williams (retired)
Emory University
Congenital Cardiac
1972
- M. Terry McEnany
Snowmass Village, Wisconsin
Private Practice
1971
- Douglas Behrendt (retired chief)
University of Iowa
Cardiac
Contact Us
If you would like to apply or request additional information, please use the following contact information.